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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Competency 4: Supply Chain Management | - Inventory management - Sourcing and procurement - Logistics and distribution - Supply chain design and strategy |
| Competency 2: Quality Management | - Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award criteria - Quality management philosophies (Deming, Juran, Crosby) - Total Quality Management (TQM) - Cost of quality (prevention, appraisal, internal/external failure) |
| Competency 7: Forecasting | - Qualitative forecasting methods - Forecast accuracy measures - Quantitative forecasting methods (moving averages, exponential smoothing) |
| Competency 6: Production Planning and Scheduling | - Just-in-Time (JIT) and Kanban systems - Material Requirements Planning (MRP) - Master Production Schedule (MPS) - Aggregate planning - Theory of Constraints (TOC) |
| Competency 3: Process Improvement and Problem Solving | - Cause-and-effect diagrams (fishbone diagrams) - Lean operations and waste elimination - Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycle - Six Sigma methodology - Statistical Process Control (SPC) |
| Competency 1: Operations Management Fundamentals | - History and evolution of operations management - Product and service design - Operations strategy and competitive priorities |
| Competency 5: Capacity Planning and Facility Layout | - Location analysis and decisions - Facility layout types (process, product, cellular, fixed-position) - Capacity planning strategies |
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NEW QUESTION # 67
A construction company produces furnished pre-fabricated manufactured homes. The production manager has discovered the following challenges within one of the facilities:
* Production quantities are low and only a small number of homes are built efficiently.
* The facility space allows for low handling of materials.
* There is limited space available for employees to operate.
Which hybrid layout should be used to address the company's needs?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The appropriate hybrid layout isgroup technology.
Group technology combines the efficiency of product layouts with the flexibility of process layouts by grouping similar products into familiesand arranging workstations intocells. Each cell is designed to handle a specific family of products from start to finish.
In the case of prefabricated homes:
* Production volumes are low
* Product designs share similarities
* Space is constrained
* Material handling must be minimized
Group technology reduces:
* Movement of materials
* Setup times
* Work-in-process inventory
* Congestion in limited spaces
The other options are not layouts:
* Process performance metrics are measurement tools
* Manufacturing technology refers broadly to automation
* Statistical reduction control is not a recognized layout concept
Operations Management promotes group technology as an effective solution forlow-volume, moderate- variety environments, especially where space efficiency and flow improvement are critical.
NEW QUESTION # 68
Which two types of operations include repetitive processes?
Choose 2 answers
Answer: B,C
Explanation:
Line processesandcontinuous processesare the two operational process types characterized byhighly repetitive activities.
Aline processinvolves standardized products moving through a fixed sequence of steps. Each workstation performs the same task repeatedly, making it ideal for high-volume, low-variety production. Examples include automobile assembly lines and consumer electronics manufacturing.
Acontinuous processgoes a step further, operating24/7 with extremely high volume and minimal variation
. Production flows continuously rather than in discrete units. Industries such as oil refining, chemicals, and paper manufacturing use continuous processes.
The other options are not primarily repetitive:
* Project processesare unique, one-time efforts (e.g., construction projects)
* Batch processesinvolve moderate repetition but frequent changeovers between batches Operations Management classifies processes based onvolume and variety. Line and continuous processes sit at the high-volume, low-variety end of the spectrum, making repetition unavoidable and necessary for efficiency.
Repetitive processes enable:
* High labor productivity
* Low unit cost
* Process automation
* Consistent quality
However, they also require careful work system design to avoid worker fatigue and quality drift.
NEW QUESTION # 69
What would be an organization's next step after it has revised or implemented new operations?
Answer: A
Explanation:
After implementing revised or new operations, the correct next step is tofollow up to ensure that the new operation resolves quality problems.
Operations Management emphasizes that implementation alone does not guarantee improvement. Post- implementation follow-up is required to:
* Verify performance improvements
* Detect unintended consequences
* Confirm quality objectives are met
* Ensure process stability
This step is central tocontinuous improvementand aligns with PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) and DMAIC cycles.
The other options are ineffective or redundant:
* Reversing operation order adds no value
* Revising before use contradicts implementation
* Re-analyzing the old process ignores the change
Follow-up transforms change into learning and ensures operational improvements are sustained over time.
NEW QUESTION # 70
What is a major factor in the decision to locate a business near its primary market territory?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation (#250 words):
The dominant factor in locating a business near its primary market territory isproximity to customers.
From an Operations Management perspective, closeness to customers:
* Reduces transportation and delivery time
* Improves service responsiveness
* Enhances customer satisfaction
* Supports demand growth
This is especially critical for service organizations and distribution-intensive businesses, where customer access and speed are competitive advantages.
While proximity to labor is important, it does not define market territory. Community centers and parks are not operational drivers.
Locating near customers aligns capacity with demand, minimizes logistics complexity, and strengthens market presence.
NEW QUESTION # 71
Which concept takes a total system approach to creating an efficient operation and combines concepts such as just-in-time (JIT), total quality management (TQM), and continuous improvement?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Lean systemstake atotal system approachto operational efficiency by integrating just-in-time (JIT), total quality management (TQM), and continuous improvement (Kaizen).
Lean is not a single tool but amanagement philosophyfocused on:
* Eliminating waste
* Improving flow
* Engaging employees
* Delivering customer-defined value
JIT ensures materials and work arrive only when needed, TQM ensures quality at every step, and continuous improvement drives ongoing enhancement. Lean systems coordinate these elements into a coherent operating model.
The other options are narrower in scope:
* CRM focuses on customer data and relationships
* ERP integrates information systems
* ISO 9001 provides quality standards but not operational design
Operations Management views lean systems as the umbrella framework that aligns people, processes, and technology to achieve efficiency and competitiveness.
NEW QUESTION # 72
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