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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Safety and Compliance | 26% | - Bloodborne pathogens & exposure control - PPE & sharps disposal - Infection control & OSHA standards - HIPAA & patient confidentiality - Quality control & error prevention |
| Topic 2: Specimen Processing & Handling | 14% | - Documentation & tracking - Processing & centrifugation - Specimen rejection criteria - Aliquoting & preservation - Transport & storage requirements |
| Topic 3: Patient Preparation | 20% | - Requisition review & test verification - Site selection & preparation - Informed consent & communication - Patient identification & verification - Patient positioning & comfort |
| Topic 4: Routine Blood Collections | 28% | - Tourniquet use & vein assessment - Venipuncture techniques & equipment - Order of draw & tube selection - Capillary puncture procedures - Post-collection care & labeling |
| Topic 5: Special Collections | 12% | - Blood alcohol & legal collections - Therapeutic drug monitoring - Glucose tolerance & dynamic tests - Pediatric & geriatric collections - Blood cultures & sterile collection |
>> Phlebotomy-Technician Übungsmaterialien <<
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14. Frage
Which of the following pathologies requires a phlebotomist to use an N95 respirator?
Antwort: A
Begründung:
Tuberculosis requires airborne precautions, including use of a properly fitted N95 respirator or equivalent respiratory protection when indicated by facility protocol. Tuberculosis can spread through airborne droplet nuclei, so a simple surgical mask is not the same level of respiratory protection for healthcare personnel entering a TB-risk environment. Lyme disease is transmitted through tick exposure, not routine airborne patient contact. Heart disease is cardiovascular pathology and does not require an N95 respirator as a transmission-based precaution. Thrombocytopenia is a low platelet count and affects bleeding risk, not respiratory isolation. The phlebotomist must follow posted isolation signage, perform hand hygiene, use required PPE, and avoid entering isolation rooms without proper protection and training. This question tests transmission-based precautions and recognition of airborne disease hazards. Reference topics: Safety and Compliance; PPE; airborne precautions; infection control; respiratory protection; isolation signage. CDC guidance specifically identifies respiratory protection programs for healthcare personnel using respirators to protect against Mycobacterium tuberculosis exposure.
15. Frage
A phlebotomist is performing a glucose tolerance test. Which of the following actions should the phlebotomist take after the patient drinks the glucose solution?
Antwort: B
Begründung:
After the patient drinks the glucose solution, the phlebotomist should start timing according to the test protocol. Glucose tolerance testing depends on strict timed specimen collection after ingestion of a measured glucose load. If timing is inaccurate, the results may be invalid or misleading. The patient should not eat crackers because additional food intake can alter glucose results. Exercise should also be avoided unless specifically directed because physical activity can affect glucose metabolism. Collecting all remaining specimens immediately defeats the purpose of the timed test, which evaluates the body's glucose response over defined intervals. The phlebotomist must verify fasting status, collect the baseline specimen if required, ensure the patient consumes the glucose solution within the allowed time, document the time finished, and collect subsequent specimens at exact ordered intervals. If the patient vomits, eats, leaves, or misses a timed draw, the phlebotomist should follow facility policy and notify appropriate personnel. Reference topics: Special Collections; glucose tolerance testing; timed specimens; patient preparation; test protocol compliance.
16. Frage
Which of the following types of consent provides a patient with information about the methods, risks, and consequences of a procedure?
Antwort: C
Begründung:
Informed consent means the patient receives enough information to understand the nature of the procedure, including the method, purpose, risks, benefits, alternatives, and possible consequences, before agreeing. Therefore, informed consent is the correct answer. Expressed consent means the patient clearly agrees, either verbally or in writing, but the term does not by itself prove that the patient received a full explanation of risks and consequences. Implied consent occurs through the patient's actions, such as extending an arm for venipuncture after identification and explanation. Verbal consent is simply the spoken form of agreement and may be expressed, but again it does not specifically define the full disclosure requirement. In phlebotomy, routine blood collection often proceeds with implied or expressed consent after proper identification and explanation, but higher-risk or special procedures may require more formal informed consent depending on policy. The NHA CPT outline includes receiving implied, informed, or expressed consent and understanding the components required for consent. Reference topics: Patient Preparation; patient rights; consent types; communication before collection.
17. Frage
A blood specimen is rejected by the laboratory for testing. Which of the following actions should the phlebotomist take?
Antwort: B
Begründung:
The phlebotomist should contact the patient to repeat the venipuncture collection, following facility policy and provider notification procedures. A rejected specimen cannot be tested reliably, so the practical correction is recollection using the proper tube, volume, labeling, handling, and transport requirements. Waiting until the next yearly visit is unacceptable because the ordered test was needed for current clinical care. Shredding documentation is improper unless performed under approved records-management procedures, and it does not solve the missing valid specimen. Sending laboratory results by mail is impossible or inappropriate when the specimen was rejected and no valid result exists. Specimen rejection usually results from preanalytical problems such as wrong tube, insufficient volume, hemolysis, clotting in an anticoagulant tube, unlabeled or mislabeled specimen, expired supplies, improper temperature, or delayed transport. The phlebotomist's job is to correct the collection failure promptly and prevent recurrence. Reference topics: Processing Specimens; specimen rejection; recollection; preanalytical error; specimen integrity.
18. Frage
Which of the following actions can cause hemolysis during venipuncture?
Antwort: A
Begründung:
Using a needle with a gauge that is too small can cause hemolysis. A small-bore needle can create excessive mechanical force as blood passes through the lumen, damaging red blood cells and releasing intracellular contents into serum or plasma. Hemolysis can alter test results, especially potassium, lactate dehydrogenase, and other analytes affected by red-cell rupture. Allowing alcohol to dry before puncture is correct practice because it reduces stinging and helps prevent contamination. Releasing the tourniquet before needle removal is also correct because it reduces pressure and supports safer needle withdrawal. Mixing additive tubes by gentle inversion is required; the danger occurs when tubes are shaken vigorously. Additional hemolysis causes include probing, drawing through a hematoma, forcing blood from a syringe into a tube, rough transport, incorrect centrifugation, and delayed processing. A phlebotomist must choose equipment appropriate to the patient's vein while maintaining specimen quality. Reference topics: Routine Blood Collections; hemolysis; needle gauge selection; specimen integrity; preanalytical error.
19. Frage
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