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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Competency 2: Quality Management | - Total Quality Management (TQM) - Cost of quality (prevention, appraisal, internal/external failure) - Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award criteria - Quality management philosophies (Deming, Juran, Crosby) |
| Competency 1: Operations Management Fundamentals | - Operations strategy and competitive priorities - History and evolution of operations management - Product and service design |
| Competency 7: Forecasting | - Quantitative forecasting methods (moving averages, exponential smoothing) - Forecast accuracy measures - Qualitative forecasting methods |
| Competency 4: Supply Chain Management | - Logistics and distribution - Supply chain design and strategy - Sourcing and procurement - Inventory management |
| Competency 6: Production Planning and Scheduling | - Just-in-Time (JIT) and Kanban systems - Aggregate planning - Theory of Constraints (TOC) - Master Production Schedule (MPS) - Material Requirements Planning (MRP) |
| Competency 5: Capacity Planning and Facility Layout | - Capacity planning strategies - Location analysis and decisions - Facility layout types (process, product, cellular, fixed-position) |
| Competency 3: Process Improvement and Problem Solving | - Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycle - Six Sigma methodology - Statistical Process Control (SPC) - Lean operations and waste elimination - Cause-and-effect diagrams (fishbone diagrams) |
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NEW QUESTION # 59
What is a bottleneck in a flowchart?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation (#250 words):
Abottleneckis thelongest task in the process, limiting the overall system throughput.
In Operations Management, the bottleneck determines themaximum capacity of the entire system. No matter how efficient other stages are, output cannot exceed the bottleneck's capacity.
Bottlenecks cause:
* Queue buildup
* Increased waiting time
* Underutilization of downstream resources
Identifying bottlenecks through flowcharts and process mapping is essential for process improvement. Once identified, managers can:
* Add capacity
* Reallocate resources
* Improve task methods
* Reduce variability
The other options do not define bottlenecks:
* Independent stages do not restrict flow
* Production leveling smooths output
* Storage areas indicate inventory, not constraints
TheTheory of Constraintsreinforces that improving non-bottleneck stages has little impact unless the bottleneck is addressed.
NEW QUESTION # 60
What is the name of the model that has been created to examine the four different supply chain perspectives of reliability, flexibility, expenses, and assets/utilization?
Answer: C
Explanation:
TheSCOR (Supply Chain Operations Reference) modelevaluates supply chains across four key dimensions:
reliability, responsiveness/flexibility, cost, and asset utilization.
Developed by the Supply Chain Council, SCOR provides:
* Standardized performance metrics
* Best-practice process definitions
* A common supply chain language
Operations Management uses SCOR to benchmark performance, identify gaps, and align supply chain strategy with business objectives.
The other options are not recognized industry models.
NEW QUESTION # 61
Why is capacity requirements planning (CRP) important?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Capacity Requirements Planning (CRP) is important because itcompares available production capacity to planned workloads, ensuring feasibility.
Once demand has been translated into production and material plans, CRP validates whether:
* Machines are available
* Labor hours are sufficient
* Work centers are not overloaded
Without CRP, organizations risk releasing production plans that cannot be executed, resulting in:
* Bottlenecks
* Overtime
* Missed delivery dates
* Poor resource utilization
The incorrect options describe other functions:
* Employee efficiency is evaluated through performance metrics
* Lead time transparency is a scheduling outcome, not CRP's core purpose
* Material coordination is handled by MRP
CRP ensures alignment betweenwhat is plannedandwhat is possible, making it a critical link between planning and execution in Operations Management.
NEW QUESTION # 62
What are two ways management can assist employees' focus in a just-in-time (JIT) processing environment?
Choose 2 answers
Answer: C,D
Explanation:
Management can assist employee focus in a JIT environment byproviding multifunctional trainingand developing incentive systems that reward performance.
Multifunctional trainingenables employees to:
* Perform multiple tasks
* Rotate between roles
* Support flexible staffing
* Respond quickly to disruptions
This flexibility is essential in JIT systems, where minimal buffers exist and disruptions must be resolved immediately.
Incentive systemsreinforce desired behaviors such as problem-solving, quality improvement, teamwork, and waste reduction. Rewards aligned with JIT objectives encourage employees to maintain discipline and continuous improvement.
The incorrect options conflict with JIT philosophy:
* Separating cultures undermines teamwork
* Forcing quality charting during free time creates resistance
Operations Management emphasizes that JIT success depends onpeople-centered management, not just technical tools.
NEW QUESTION # 63
Why might a company avoid using demand-based options such as inventory and backorders over a long period of time?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation (#250 words):
Demand-based options such asinventory accumulation and backordersare avoided long term becausethey are more risky.
Maintaining high inventory levels increases:
* Holding costs
* Obsolescence risk
* Damage and theft
* Cash flow constraints
Backorders, while avoiding inventory buildup, risk:
* Customer dissatisfaction
* Lost sales
* Damage to brand reputation
Operations Management categorizes these options asshort-term demand smoothing tools, not sustainable strategies. Over time, uncertainty in demand magnifies the risks associated with inventory imbalances or unmet demand.
The other options are incorrect:
* These methods are not inherently time consuming
* They do not directly affect subcontracting or labor policies
Thus, firms avoid long-term reliance on demand-based options to maintain stability and customer trust.
NEW QUESTION # 64
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