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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Laboratory Procedures | 12% | - Diagnostic Testing
|
| Diagnostic Imaging | 7% | - Imaging Techniques
|
| Anesthesia | 15% | - Anesthetic Procedures
|
| Pain Management and Analgesia | 7% | - Pain Control
|
| Dentistry | 8% | - Dental Procedures
|
| Pharmacy and Pharmacology | 12% | - Medication Preparation
|
| Surgical Nursing | 11% | - Perioperative Procedures
|
| Animal Care and Nursing | 20% | - Patient Care
|
| Emergency Medicine and Critical Care | 8% | - Emergency Procedures
|
Die Qualität muss sich bawähren, was die AAVSB VTNE von uns It-Pruefung Ihnen genau garantieren können, weil wir immer die Test-Bank aktualisieren. Die fachliche Erklärungen der Antworten von unserer professionellen Gruppe machen unsere Produkte der Schlüssel des Bestehens der AAVSB VTNE. Die Versprechung „volle Rückerstattung bei der Durchfall„ ist auch Motivation für unser Team. Wir wollen für Sie die Prüfungsunterlagen der AAVSB VTNE immer verbessern. Innerhalb einem Jahr nach Ihrem Kauf, können Sie die neuesten Unterlagen der AAVSB VTNE weiter genießen ohne zusätzliche Gebühren.
451. Frage
A client calls to schedule an appointment, but the receptionist puts the call through to you because the owner isn't sure if the pet needs to be seen. The owner relays that her seven-year-old FS Maltese is pawing at the mouth and dropping food when eating but still has a normal appetite. It just takes her longer to eat. She isn't sure if something is caught in her mouth or if it is painful. You recommend an appointment but ask a few more questions to determine if any further signs suggest oral disease.
Which of the following would not indicate oral disease?
Antwort: B
Begründung:
Clinical signs of oral disease can be specific and non-specific to the oral cavity. They can include:
*Facial swelling
*Facial rubbing (though this could also indicate allergic disease)
*Sneezing or snorting after eating or drinking something
*Ptyalism (drooling) either with eating or when nothing is in the mouth, and the mouth is closed
*Dropping food while eating
*Pain on opening the mouth
*Difficulty opening the mouth
*Chattering of the lower jaw, also known as Jaw Opening Reflex
*Dysphagia (trouble swallowing)
*Oral bleeding
*Resenting touch or handling of the head
*Varying degrees of appetite change from no change to complete anorexia
*New or unusual aggression or snippiness when handled, touched
*Oral bleeding
Epistaxis is not generally considered a sign of oral disease. However, with oral-nasal fistulas or some tooth root abscesses, we can see an extension into the nasal cavity and may see epistaxis. But, generally speaking, it would not be associated with oral disease specifically.
Causes of epistaxis can include nasal foreign body, infectious, inflammatory, neoplastic, or coagulopathy.
452. Frage
Which of the following anesthetic agents is a controlled substance?
Antwort: B
453. Frage
Which of the following is a potential risk when administering intravenous lidocaine to feline patients?
Antwort: D
Begründung:
Lidocaine is widely used in cats as a local anesthetic. However, there is a very low threshold for safety when given systemically (to the whole body). Possible risks of inadvertent toxicity include central nervous system signs (depression or agitation, twitching) and cardiovascular depression. It should be used with caution.
Methemoglobinemia is not associated with lidocaine, but with a close relative, benzocaine, which comes as a topical spray. It should be used with caution when spraying the arytenoid cartilages at intubation.
Lidocaine administration is not associated with liver or kidney adverse effects.
454. Frage
Guinea pigs and chinchillas can pose anesthetic challenges due to their small size. Intubation is further hindered by which one of the following?
Antwort: D
Begründung:
Guinea pigs and chinchillas are small in size and stature but also have a limited range of motion of the mouth, making visualization difficult. Additionally, the presence of the palatal ostium, a tiny donut-shaped opening that exists between the posterior and anterior oropharynx. This makes visualization of their glottis physically impossible. Blind intubation can be both challenging and cause damage to the surrounding tissue. Additionally, if too many attempts are made, hypoxia can result.
Rodents cannot vomit, so this is not a concern while intubating rabbits or performing anesthesia.
Other rodents are often not intubated simply due to such small size (hamsters, gerbils).
Laryngospasm isn't appreciated in these species. The complications arise due to the inability to visualize the area and the need to do blind intubations unless visualization cameras are readily available and a skilled user intubates rapidly.
Finally, these species are large enough for catheterization; often, the cephalic vein is used. Interosseous needles can be used if needed if IV access isn't feasible and IV fluid support or additional medications are warranted.
455. Frage
You are tasked with educating a new client about a zoonotic disease found in lambs and kids. You arrive on the farm to find several small ruminants with crusty lesions that are proliferative around the nose and mouth. Similar lesions have been found on nursing does and ewes on their teats and udders.
What disease are you seeing, and what is the treatment?
Antwort: A
Begründung:
Orf represents a common small ruminant viral disease. It is zoonotic and caused by a poxvirus. Clinical signs are classic, with crusty proliferative lesions around the noses and mouths of nursing juveniles and the udders and teats of the dams. Older animals may also have lesions on the coronary bands, conjunctiva, or eyelids. Typically, it will resolve without intervention in about 3-6 weeks. However, secondary bacterial infections need to be addressed if present, and supportive nutritional care may be required if the dams are too painful to nurse. Care must be taken to wear protective gloves and minimize the risk of transmission from animal to animal and from animal to person. Vaccination is available and is modified-live. Thus, gloves should be worn when vaccinating animals.
Cutaneous papillomas are also seen in young cattle and are generally self-limiting, but are benign neoplasia caused by the papillomavirus. The lesions appear tan, gray, or white, and are protruding masses with a horny, dry surface. Since it is self-limiting, treatment isn't needed. However, long-standing cases may warrant therapy.
Dermatophytosis, or ringworm, in cattle is caused by Trichophyton verrucosum. Calves housed in crowded areas, especially in winter, are prone to this fungal disease. They can get multiple circular head and neck lesions that usually resolve within 2-3 months without intervention. If needed, treatment can occur, such as for show animals with topical agents. However, the owner needs to realize that the spores will remain in a dry environment, dormant, for years, so barns and areas where grooming equipment resides can remain sources of infection.
Finally, erysipelas, or diamond skin disease, is a multisystemic disease seen in pigs. The causative agent is Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, normally found in soil and heavily contaminated areas with a lot of feces. The organism enters the body via breaks in the skin or lymphoid tissues. The organisms localize the skin, heart, and joints, and cause a gamut of clinical signs. Treatment is with penicillin, but there is a chronic form for which there is no remedy. Vaccination is effective at prevention. This, too, is a zoonotic disease, and farmers/owners should wear appropriate protective gear when working with affected pigs.
456. Frage
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