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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Psychotherapeutic Modalities | - Individual Psychotherapy - Group and Family Therapy - Crisis Intervention |
| Ethics, Legal, and Professional Practice | - Patient Safety and Quality Improvement - Scope of Practice and Regulations - Ethical Decision-Making |
| Advanced Practice Skills | - Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis - Advanced Psychiatric Assessment - Treatment Planning |
| Scientific Foundations | - Pathophysiology and Psychopathology - Psychopharmacology - Research and Evidence-Based Practice |
| Diagnosis and Management of Psychiatric Disorders | - Mood Disorders - Anxiety and Trauma-Related Disorders - Psychotic Disorders - Personality Disorders - Substance Use Disorders |
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NEW QUESTION # 471
A 45-year-old man presents with a long history of social isolation, emotional detachment, and difficulty forming close relationships with others. The nurse considers schizoid personality disorder as a possible diagnosis. Which of the following is an underlying risk factor for this condition?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Schizoid personality disorder is characterized by a lifelong pattern of emotional detachment, lack of interest in forming close relationships, and social isolation. Research suggests that genetic, environmental, and psychological factors may cause it. A family history of the disorder and studies of twins suggest that there may be a genetic component to the development of schizoid personality disorder.
Abnormal brain development during childhood, chronic stress, traumatic events, and the imbalance of neurotransmitters in the brain are not considered primary causes of schizoid personality disorder.
NEW QUESTION # 472
According to Sigmund Freud, which of the following statements is least likely to be true regarding the oral stage of psychosexual development?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Freud's stages of psychosexual development:
* Oral: birth to 12-18 months
* Anal: 12-18 months to 3 years
* Phallic: 3 to 5-6 years
* Latency: 5-6 years to adolescence
* Genital: adolescence to adulthood
Gratification is attained through withholding feces during the anal stage, not the oral stage, of psychosexual development.
The oral stage is the earliest stage of psychosexual development. During the oral stage, gratification is sought through sucking, eating, biting, and mouthing objects. Successful resolution of this stage results in the capacity to give and receive from others without excessive dependence or envy. This stage coincides with Erik Erikson's psychosocial stage of development called Trust vs. Mistrust.
NEW QUESTION # 473
Which of the following statements about the development and course of obsessive-compulsive disorder by a nursing student would require correction?
Answer: C
Explanation:
In obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), males have an earlier age of onset. Up to 25 percent of males with OCD are diagnosed before they turn 10 years old. Onset in childhood often indicates that it will be a lifelong illness.
For OCD, the mean age of onset is 19.5 years, and onset after the age of 35 is very rare. Overall, females are affected at a slightly higher rate than males. The 12-month prevalence of OCD in the United States is 1.2%.
NEW QUESTION # 474
A 28-year-old male being treated for symptoms of depression presents at the ER today complaining of nausea, vomiting, confusion, muscle weakness, and cramping. He is concerned that he has food poisoning. During the clinical interview and initial assessment, the PMH-NP noted that he started on fluoxetine 10 days ago for major depressive disorder. The PMH-NP orders blood work with electrolytes.
Which side effect of SSRI therapy should the nurse practitioner suspect?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Fluoxetine and other psychotropics can cause SIADH within the first two weeks. Patients who start psychotropics should be monitored for hyponatremia in the first two weeks, although it can happen anytime. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, muscle weakness, and cramping.
Hypernatremia, hypokalemia, and hyperkalemia are not associated with psychotropic medications.
NEW QUESTION # 475
Of the following, which would be the most correct for a type of inpatient therapy that is used in psychiatric hospitals that involves the use of particular activities and social interactions according to the patient's needs?
Answer: D
Explanation:
To address the question about the type of inpatient therapy used in psychiatric hospitals that focuses on activities and social interactions tailored to the patient's needs, the most correct answer is Milieu therapy.
Milieu therapy, derived from the French word meaning "middle place," is a comprehensive approach used predominantly in mental health treatment settings. This therapeutic strategy emphasizes creating a controlled environment where every aspect of the surroundings is considered part of the treatment. This environment includes not only physical settings but also the social interactions and activities that occur within them.
The core principle of milieu therapy is that the everyday environment is manipulated in a manner that replicates a healthy community. Patients are encouraged to interact in this community setting, which is designed to foster healthy relationships and behaviors. This therapeutic approach makes use of group dynamics, including the interactions between patients and staff, to influence positive changes in the patient's behavior.
In milieu therapy, every interaction becomes an opportunity for therapeutic intervention. The treatment team and the structure of the environment are key components. The team often includes a diverse group of healthcare professionals such as psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, and nurses, all working collaboratively. The structure of the therapy may involve scheduled routines, social norms, and clear boundaries, all of which help create a safe and stable environment for patients.
Activities in milieu therapy are varied and specifically designed to teach patients practical skills, improve their social abilities, and help manage their symptoms. Activities might include group therapy sessions, individual counseling, recreational activities, and practical tasks like meal preparation or housekeeping duties. Each activity is selected to meet the therapeutic goals of the patients and to encourage positive social interactions.
The efficacy of milieu therapy lies in its holistic approach, considering not just the psychological aspects of a patient's condition, but also the social and environmental factors. This form of therapy is particularly effective for patients with severe mental illnesses, such as schizophrenia or severe personality disorders, as it helps them learn to manage their illness and improve their social skills in a controlled, supportive environment.
In conclusion, milieu therapy stands out as an effective form of inpatient psychiatric therapy that utilizes a structured social environment to promote positive behavior and improve interpersonal skills among patients. Its focus on using real-life interactions and activities tailored to each patient's needs makes it the most suitable answer for the question posed.
NEW QUESTION # 476
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