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>> Latest CAS-005 Exam Notes <<
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NEW QUESTION # 294
A company recently experienced an incident in which an advanced threat actor was able to shim malicious code against the hardware static of a domain controller The forensic team cryptographically validated that com the underlying firmware of the box and the operating system had not been compromised. However, the attacker was able to exfiltrate information from the server using a steganographic technique within LOAP Which of the following is me bยปยซ way to reduce the risk oi reoccurrence?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The scenario describes a sophisticated attack where the threat actor used steganography within LDAP to exfiltrate data. Given that thehardware and OS firmware were validated and found uncompromised, the attack vector likely exploited a network communication channel. To mitigate such risks, enforcing allow lists for authorized network ports and protocols is the most effective strategy.
Here's why this option is optimal:
Port and Protocol Restrictions: By creating an allow list, the organization can restrict communications to only those ports and protocols that are necessary for legitimate business operations. This reduces the attack surface by preventing unauthorized or unusual traffic.
Network Segmentation: Enforcing such rules helps in segmenting the network and ensuring that only approved communications occur, which is critical in preventing data exfiltration methods like steganography.
Preventing Unauthorized Access: Allow lists ensure that only predefined, trusted connections are allowed, blocking potential paths that attackers could use to infiltrate or exfiltrate data.
Other options, while beneficial in different contexts, are not directly addressing the network communication threat:
B . Measuring and attesting to the entire boot chain: While this improves system integrity, it doesn't directly mitigate the risk of data exfiltration through network channels.
C . Rolling thecryptographic keys used for hardware security modules: This is useful for securing data and communications but doesn't directly address the specific method of exfiltration described.
D . Using code signing to verify the source of OS updates: Ensures updates are from legitimate sources, but it doesn't mitigate the risk of network-based data exfiltration.
Reference:
CompTIA SecurityX Study Guide
NIST Special Publication 800-41, "Guidelines on Firewalls and Firewall Policy" CIS Controls Version 8, Control 9: Limitation and Control of Network Ports, Protocols, and Services
NEW QUESTION # 295
A software vendor provides routine functionality and security updates to its global customer base. The vendor would like to ensure distributed updates are authorized, originate from only the company, and have not been modified by others. Which of the following solutions best supports these objectives?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Code signing uses cryptographic digital signatures to prove that software or updates come from a trusted source and have not been altered. In the SecurityX CAS-005 objectives, this is covered under security engineering and cryptographic assurance mechanisms.
Envelope encryption protects confidentiality but does not authenticate the source.
File integrity monitoring detects file changes but does not confirm the origin of the update.
Application control manages which software can run but does not ensure authenticity of distributed files.Only code signing meets all three objectives: verifying the source, ensuring authorization, and proving integrity.
NEW QUESTION # 296
Audit findings indicate several user endpoints are not utilizing full disk encryption. During me remediation process, a compliance analyst reviews the testing details for the endpoints and notes the endpoint device configuration does not support full disk encryption. Which of the following is the most likely reason me device must be replaced?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The most likely reason the device must be replaced is that the motherboard was not configured with a TPM (Trusted Platform Module) from the OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) supplier.
Why TPM is Necessary for Full Disk Encryption:
Hardware-Based Security: TPM provides a hardware-based mechanism to store encryption keys securely, which is essential for full disk encryption.
Compatibility: Full disk encryption solutions, such as BitLocker, require TPM to ensure that the encryption keys are securely stored and managed.
Integrity Checks: TPM enables system integrity checks during boot, ensuring that the device has not been tampered with.
NEW QUESTION # 297
A product development team has submitted code snippets for review prior to release.
INSTRUCTIONS
Analyze the code snippets, and then select one vulnerability, and one fix for each code snippet.
Code Snippet 1
Code Snippet 2
Vulnerability 1:
* SQL injection
* Cross-site request forgery
* Server-side request forgery
* Indirect object reference
* Cross-site scripting
Fix 1:
* Perform input sanitization of the userid field.
* Perform output encoding of queryResponse,
* Ensure usex:ia belongs to logged-in user.
* Inspect URLS and disallow arbitrary requests.
* Implement anti-forgery tokens.
Vulnerability 2
1) Denial of service
2) Command injection
3) SQL injection
4) Authorization bypass
5) Credentials passed via GET
Fix 2
A) Implement prepared statements and bind
variables.
B) Remove the serve_forever instruction.
C) Prevent the "authenticated" value from being overridden by a GET parameter.
D) HTTP POST should be used for sensitive parameters.
E) Perform input sanitization of the userid field.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below in explanation.
Explanation:
Code Snippet 1
Vulnerability 1: SQL injection
SQL injection is a type of attack that exploits a vulnerability in the code that interacts with a database. An attacker can inject malicious SQL commands into the input fields, such as username or password, and execute them on the database server. This can result in data theft, data corruption, or unauthorized access.
Fix 1: Perform input sanitization of the userid field.
Input sanitization is a technique that prevents SQL injection by validating and filtering the user input values before passing them to the database. The input sanitization should remove any special characters, such as quotes, semicolons, or dashes, that can alter the intended SQL query. Alternatively, the input sanitization can use a whitelist of allowed values and reject any other values.
Code Snippet 2
Vulnerability 2: Cross-site request forgery
Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) is a type of attack that exploits a vulnerability in the code that handles web requests. An attacker can trick a user into sending a malicious web request to a server that performs an action on behalf of the user, such as changing their password, transferring funds, or deleting data. This can result in unauthorized actions, data loss, or account compromise.
Fix 2: Implement anti-forgery tokens.
Anti-forgery tokens are techniques that prevent CSRF by adding a unique and secret value to each web request that is generated by the server and verified by the server before performing the action. The anti-forgery token should be different for each user and each session, and should not be predictable or reusable by an attacker.
This way, only legitimate web requests from the user's browser can be accepted by the server.
NEW QUESTION # 298
A company that uses several cloud applications wants to properly identify:
All the devices potentially affected by a given vulnerability.
All the internal servers utilizing the same physical switch.
The number of endpoints using a particular operating system.Which of the following is the best way to meet the requirements?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The requirements demand detailed asset tracking and inventory management. Let's analyze:
A). SBoM (Software Bill of Materials):Tracks software components, not hardware or network topology.
B). CASB (Cloud Access Security Broker):Secures cloud apps but doesn't map physical switches or OS counts.
C). GRC(Governance, Risk, and Compliance):Focuses on risk management, not detailed asset tracking.
Reference:CompTIA SecurityX (CAS-005) objectives, Domain 4: Governance, Risk, and Compliance, covering asset management.
NEW QUESTION # 299
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