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Microsoft GH-500 Exam Syllabus Topics:

TopicDetails
Topic 1
  • Configure and use secret scanning: This domain targets DevOps Engineers and Security Analysts with the skills to configure and manage secret scanning. It includes understanding what secret scanning is and its push protection capability to prevent secret leaks. Candidates differentiate secret scanning availability in public versus private repositories, enable scanning in private repos, and learn how to respond appropriately to alerts. The domain covers alert generation criteria for secrets, user role-based alert visibility and notification, customizing default scanning behavior, assigning alert recipients beyond admins, excluding files from scans, and enabling custom secret scanning within repositories.
Topic 2
  • Configure and use Code Scanning with CodeQL: This domain measures skills of Application Security Analysts and DevSecOps Engineers in code scanning using both CodeQL and third-party tools. It covers enabling code scanning, the role of code scanning in the development lifecycle, differences between enabling CodeQL versus third-party analysis, implementing CodeQL in GitHub Actions workflows versus other CI tools, uploading SARIF results, configuring workflow frequency and triggering events, editing workflow templates for active repositories, viewing CodeQL scan results, troubleshooting workflow failures and customizing configurations, analyzing data flows through code, interpreting code scanning alerts with linked documentation, deciding when to dismiss alerts, understanding CodeQL limitations related to compilation and language support, and defining SARIF categories.
Topic 3
  • Configure and use Dependabot and Dependency Review: Focused on Software Engineers and Vulnerability Management Specialists, this section describes tools for managing vulnerabilities in dependencies. Candidates learn about the dependency graph and how it is generated, the concept and format of the Software Bill of Materials (SBOM), definitions of dependency vulnerabilities, Dependabot alerts and security updates, and Dependency Review functionality. It covers how alerts are generated based on the dependency graph and GitHub Advisory Database, differences between Dependabot and Dependency Review, enabling and configuring these tools in private repositories and organizations, default alert settings, required permissions, creating Dependabot configuration files and rules to auto-dismiss alerts, setting up Dependency Review workflows including license checks and severity thresholds, configuring notifications, identifying vulnerabilities from alerts and pull requests, enabling security updates, and taking remediation actions including testing and merging pull requests.
Topic 4
  • Describe the GHAS security features and functionality: This section of the exam measures skills of Security Engineers and Software Developers and covers understanding the role of GitHub Advanced Security (GHAS) features within the overall security ecosystem. Candidates learn to differentiate security features available automatically for open source projects versus those unlocked when GHAS is paired with GitHub Enterprise Cloud (GHEC) or GitHub Enterprise Server (GHES). The domain includes knowledge of Security Overview dashboards, the distinctions between secret scanning and code scanning, and how secret scanning, code scanning, and Dependabot work together to secure the software development lifecycle. It also covers scenarios contrasting isolated security reviews with integrated security throughout the development lifecycle, how vulnerable dependencies are detected using manifests and vulnerability databases, appropriate responses to alerts, the risks of ignoring alerts, developer responsibilities for alerts, access management for viewing alerts, and the placement of Dependabot alerts in the development process.
Topic 5
  • Describe GitHub Advanced Security best practices, results, and how to take corrective measures: This section evaluates skills of Security Managers and Development Team Leads in effectively handling GHAS results and applying best practices. It includes using Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) and Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE) identifiers to describe alerts and suggest remediation, decision-making processes for closing or dismissing alerts including documentation and data-based decisions, understanding default CodeQL query suites, how CodeQL analyzes compiled versus interpreted languages, the roles and responsibilities of development and security teams in workflows, adjusting severity thresholds for code scanning pull request status checks, prioritizing secret scanning remediation with filters, enforcing CodeQL and Dependency Review workflows via repository rulesets, and configuring code scanning, secret scanning, and dependency analysis to detect and remediate vulnerabilities earlier in the development lifecycle, such as during pull requests or by enabling push protection.

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Microsoft GitHub Advanced Security Sample Questions (Q117-Q122):

NEW QUESTION # 117
Which of the following workflow events would trigger a dependency review? (Each answer presents a complete solution. Choose two.)

Answer: A,B

Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:
Dependency review is triggered by specific events in GitHub workflows:
pull_request: When a pull request is opened, synchronized, or reopened, GitHub can analyze the changes in dependencies and provide a dependency review.
workflow_dispatch: This manual trigger allows users to initiate workflows, including those that perform dependency reviews.
The trigger and commit options are not recognized GitHub Actions events and would not initiate a dependency review.
References: GitHub Docs - Events that trigger workflows


NEW QUESTION # 118
You have a GitHub Enterprise Cloud Organization that contains a private repository named Repo1 and has GitHub Secret Protection enabled. Repo1 contains a workflow that writes an access key ID to config.txt and a secret access key to secrets.txt. Repo1 has secret scanning push protection enabled.
You discover that a developer at your company was able to push changes that contain both the access key ID and the secret access key without the push being blocked.
What is the cause of the issue?

Answer: B

Explanation:
Secret validation rules: GitHub's secret scanning push protection for AWS credentials checks for a high-confidence pair (the Access Key ID and Secret Access Key) appearing together within the same file or immediate context to prevent false positives.
Separation bypasses detection: Because the developer placed the Access Key ID in config.txt and the Secret Access Key in secrets.txt, the push protection pattern matching did not recognize them as a coupled, valid secret pair, allowing the push to succeed.
Incorrect:
[Not B] The push did NOT include a merge into the default branch:
This is incorrect because push protection scans all pushes to any branch within the repository, not just the default branch, to prevent secrets from entering the commit history anywhere.
[Not C] The push was performed on a private repository:
This is incorrect because GitHub Enterprise Cloud organizations can enable secret scanning and push protection for both public and private repositories alike.
Reference:
https://rogierdijkman.medium.com/privilege-escalation-via-storage-accounts-bca24373cc2e


NEW QUESTION # 119
Where can a user change a repository's code scanning severity threshold that fails a pull request status check?

Answer: D

Explanation:
Code scanning merge requirements and severity thresholds are repository configuration controls and are therefore managed from the repository's Settings area. In GitHub's current interface, administrators can create a branch ruleset under Settings and configure Require code scanning results. They can then select the code scanning tool and specify alert thresholds, including which normal alerts or security-severity levels should prevent merging. The Security and quality tab is primarily where security findings are reviewed and triaged, while the Actions tab displays workflow execution information. The Pull Requests tab is used to review and merge proposed changes rather than configure repository-wide code scanning policy. Thus, although GitHub's implementation has evolved toward ruleset-based merge protection, the appropriate top-level location remains the repository's Settings tab.


NEW QUESTION # 120
When configuring code scanning with CodeQL, what are your options for specifying additional queries?
(Each answer presents part of the solution. Choose two.)

Answer: A,B

Explanation:
You can customize CodeQL scanning by including additional query packs or by specifying individual queries :
* Packs : These are reusable collections of CodeQL queries bundled into a single package.
* Queries : You can point to specific files or directories containing .ql queries to include in the analysis.
github/codeql refers to a pack by name but is not a method or field. Scope is not a valid field used for configuration in this context.
: GitHub Docs - Customizing CodeQL Workflows


NEW QUESTION # 121
After investigating a code scanning alert related to injection, you determine that the input is properly sanitized using custom logic. What should be your next step?

Answer: B

Explanation:
When you identify that a code scanning alert is a false positive-such as when your code uses a custom sanitization method not recognized by the analysis-you should dismiss the alert with the reason "false positive." This action helps improve the accuracy of future analyses and maintains the relevance of your security alerts.
As per GitHub's documentation:
"If you dismiss a CodeQL alert as a false positive result, for example because the code uses a sanitization library that isn't supported, consider contributing to the CodeQL repository and improving the analysis." By dismissing the alert appropriately, you ensure that your codebase's security alerts remain actionable and relevant.


NEW QUESTION # 122
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