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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: WLAN Security and Management | - Security mechanisms and monitoring
|
| Topic 2: 802.11 Protocol and MAC Layer | - Frame types and communication process
|
| Topic 3: RF Technologies and Fundamentals | - Radio frequency principles and behavior
|
| Topic 4: WLAN Network Design | - Design principles and planning
|
| Topic 5: WLAN Regulations and Standards | - Wireless standards and amendments
|
| Topic 6: WLAN Infrastructure and Devices | - Access points and client devices
|
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NEW QUESTION # 86
A non-802.11 device is suspected of causing interference on the WLAN. You are not certain of the location or type of device. What is the best solution for locating this non-802.11 device?
Answer: B
Explanation:
A laptop-based spectrum analyzer with a directional antenna is the best solution for locating a non- 802.11 device that is suspected of causing interference on the WLAN. A spectrum analyzer is a device or a software application that can measure and display the frequency spectrum of electromagnetic signals in a given range. A spectrum analyzer can show the amplitude, frequency, bandwidth, modulation, and other characteristics of different signals in the spectrum, which can help identify their sources and types. A spectrum analyzer can also detect non-802.11 devices that may cause interference on the WLAN, such as microwave ovens, cordless phones, Bluetooth devices, or radar systems. A laptop-based spectrum analyzer is a software application that runs on a laptop computer and uses an external USB adapter as its RF interface. A laptop- based spectrum analyzer has the advantage of being portable, flexible, and cost-effective compared to a hardware-based spectrum analyzer. A directional antenna is an antenna that radiates or receives RF signals more strongly in one direction than in others. A directional antenna has a high gain and a narrow beamwidth, which means it can focus the RF energy in a specific direction and reduce the interference from other directions. A directional antenna can also increase the range and sensitivity of the RF signal detection. To locate a non-802.11 device that is causing interference on the WLAN, a laptop-based spectrum analyzer with a directional antenna can be used to perform a technique called RF hunting or triangulation. This technique involves pointing the directional antenna in different directions and observing the signal strength and characteristics of the interfering device on the spectrum analyzer. By moving around and changing the direction of the antenna, the location of the interfering device can be estimated based on where the signal strength is highest and most consistent.
NEW QUESTION # 87
You are deploying a WLAN with the access points configured for 10 mW of output power on the 2.4 GHz radios and 20 mW of output power on the 5GHz radios. Some semi-directional antennas are also in use. What kind of deployment is described?
Answer: A
Explanation:
A high-density deployment is a wireless network that is designed to support a large number of users and devices in a relatively small area. This type of deployment is often used in enterprise environments, such as offices, schools, and hospitals.
The use of semi-directional antennas in the deployment described in the question is a good indication that it is a high-density deployment. Semi-directional antennas can be used to focus the signal from an access point in a specific direction. This can help to reduce interference and improve performance in high-density environments.
The other answer choices are less likely to be correct for the following reasons:
* SOHO (small office/home office) deployments are typically smaller and less complex than high-density deployments.
* Residential deployments are typically even smaller and less complex than SOHO deployments.
* Standard office deployments may be high-density, but they may also be lower-density.
It is important to note that the type of deployment is not determined solely by the output power of the access points. However, the use of 10 mW of output power on the 2.4 GHz radios and 20 mW of output power on the
5GHz radios is also consistent with a high-density deployment.
Here are some additional tips for deploying a high-density wireless network:
* Use a site survey to determine the optimal placement of access points.
* Configure the access points to use non-overlapping channels.
* Use semi-directional or directional antennas to focus the signal and reduce interference.
* Implement a wireless intrusion prevention system (WIPS) to detect and mitigate rogue access points and other security threats.
NEW QUESTION # 88
Which one of the following is not a factor considered when calculating the Link Budget for an outdoor point-to- point WLAN bridge link?
Answer: A
Explanation:
MU-MIMO capabilities of the bridges are not a factor considered when calculating the Link Budget for an outdoor point-to-point WLAN bridge link. The Link Budget is a calculation of the expected signal strength at the receiver based on various factors that affect the RF transmission.
Some of these factors are operating frequency, transmit power, receive antenna gain, free space path loss, cable loss, connector loss, and environmental loss. MU-MIMO stands for Multi-User Multiple Input Multiple Output, which is a technology that allows multiple devices to communicate simultaneously using multiple spatial streams. MU-MIMO is not relevant for a point-to-point link, where there are only two devices involved.
NEW QUESTION # 89
What statement about 802.3, Clause 33 Power over Ethernet is true?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The statement that the lowest voltage drop is achieved when using CAT6 cable instead of Cat5 or CAT5e is true about 802.3, Clause 33 Power over Ethernet. Power over Ethernet (PoE) is a technology that allows electrical power to be delivered over Ethernet cables along with data signals. PoE is defined by IEEE 802.3, Clause 33 and has several variants, such as PoE (802.3af), PoE+ (802.3at), and PoE++ (802.3bt). PoE works by using a device called PSE (Power Sourcing Equipment) that injects power into the Ethernet cable and a device called PD (Powered Device) that receives power from the Ethernet cable. The PSE can be either an endpoint device, such as a switch or a router, or a midspan device, such as an injector or a splitter, that is inserted between two Ethernet devices. The PD can be any device that requires power, such as an access point, a camera, or a phone. One of the factors that affects PoE performance is voltage drop, which is the reduction of voltage that occurs as current flows through a cable due to its resistance. Voltage drop can cause power loss and inefficiency in PoE systems, as well as damage to PDs if the voltage falls below their minimum requirement. To minimize voltage drop, it is recommended to use high-quality cables with low resistance and short length. Among the common types of Ethernet cables, CAT6 has the lowest resistance and therefore the lowest voltage drop compared to Cat5 or CAT5e. CAT6 also has higher bandwidth and data rate than Cat5 or CAT5e, making it more suitable for PoE applications.
NEW QUESTION # 90
What feature of 802.1 lax (HE) may impact design decisions related to AP placement and the spacing between same-channel BSS cells (3SAs) because it is designed to reduce overlapping BSS contention?
Answer: A
Explanation:
In the 802.11ax (High Efficiency, HE) amendment, one of the key features introduced is BSS (Basic Service Set) Coloring. This feature is designed to mitigate issues arising from overlapping BSSs (OBSS), which can lead to contention and interference in dense wireless environments. BSS Coloring works by:
* Assigning a "color" (a small number) to each BSS: This helps devices differentiate between frames from their own BSS and those from neighboring BSSs.
* Reducing Inter-BSS Interference: Devices can ignore frames from different BSSs (with a different
"color") under certain conditions, reducing the impact of OBSS interference.
* Improving Spatial Reuse: By distinguishing between transmissions from different BSSs, devices can make more informed decisions about when to transmit, improving the efficiency of spatial reuse and reducing unnecessary contention.
This feature directly impacts design decisions related to AP placement and the spacing between same-channel BSS cells, as it allows for closer placement of APs on the same channel without significantly increasing interference, thus improving overall network capacity and efficiency.
The other options, while features of 802.11ax, do not directly pertain to reducing overlapping BSS contention in the same manner:
* TWT (Target Wake Time) optimizes device sleep schedules to conserve power.
* Uplink MU-MIMO enhances uplink data transmission capabilities but doesn't specifically address OBSS contention.
* 6 GHz Band Support introduces new spectrum for Wi-Fi use but is not a feature aimed at reducing OBSS contention within the 802.11ax framework.
Therefore, the correct answer is B, BSS Color.
References:
IEEE 802.11ax-2021: Enhancements for High Efficiency WLAN.
CWNA Certified Wireless Network Administrator Official Study Guide: Exam CWNA-109, by David D.
Coleman and David A. Westcott.
NEW QUESTION # 91
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