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| Certification Vendor: | ASHRM (American Society for Healthcare Risk Management) |
|---|---|
| Exam Name: | Certified Professional in Health Care Risk Management Exam |
| Exam Number: | CPHRM |
| Available Languages: | English |
| Exam Format: | Multiple-choice questions, Computer-based |
| Certificate Validity Period: | 3 years |
| Exam Duration: | 120 minutes |
| Passing Score: | Criterion-referenced, no fixed numerical score published |
| Real Exam Qty: | 110 (100 scored, 10 unscored pre-test items) |
| Exam Price: | $275 (ASHRM members), $425 (non-members) |
| Recommended Training: | CPHRM Exam Prep Course |
| Exam Registration: | PSI Testing Registration ASHRM Official CPHRM Page |
| Sample Questions: | ASHRM CPHRM Sample Questions |
| Exam Way: | Onsite at PSI testing centers or live remote proctored online |
| Pre Condition: | One of: Bachelor's degree + 5 years healthcare experience; Associate degree + 7 years; High school diploma + 9 years; plus 3,000 hours or 50% of job duties in healthcare risk management within last 3 years |
| Official Syllabus URL: | https://www.ashrm.org/education/cphrm |
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NEW QUESTION # 35
Which of the following is the MOST likely root cause of medication errors in healthcare entities?
Answer: C
Explanation:
According to Health Care Risk Management standards supported by ASHRM and patient safety principles endorsed by The Joint Commission, the most likely root cause of medication errors is system or process failure. Modern patient safety frameworks emphasize that errors rarely result from isolated individual mistakes. Instead, they typically arise from weaknesses in processes, workflow design, communication systems, technology integration, or inadequate safeguards.
Illegible handwriting, manual systems, and look-alike or sound-alike drugs are recognized contributing factors. However, these elements represent components within a broader system. For example, illegible handwriting becomes problematic when standardized order entry systems are lacking. Look-alike medications pose risks when storage, labeling, or verification processes are insufficient. Manual medication delivery systems increase risk when redundancy and double-check mechanisms are absent.
Root cause analysis methodologies consistently demonstrate that unsafe system design, poor communication processes, lack of standardized procedures, and inadequate training contribute to medication errors. A systems-based approach aligns with just culture principles and focuses on improving processes rather than assigning individual blame.
Clinical and patient safety objectives emphasize system redesign, standardization, and continuous quality improvement. Therefore, system or process failure is the most likely root cause of medication errors.
NEW QUESTION # 36
An emergency department physician has evaluated and stabilized a patient who needs a sign language interpreter. The on-call physician is consulted for admission. Which of the following regulatory laws are most relevant?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Under Health Care Risk Management standards supported by ASHRM and the American Hospital Association Certification Center, two federal laws are most directly implicated in this scenario: the Americans with Disabilities Act ADA and the Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act EMTALA, formerly enacted under COBRA.
EMTALA requires hospitals with emergency departments to provide an appropriate medical screening examination, stabilization of emergency medical conditions, and appropriate transfer or admission regardless of ability to pay. Since the emergency physician has evaluated and stabilized the patient and the on-call physician is being consulted for admission, EMTALA obligations remain central to ensuring compliant continuation of care.
The ADA is also directly relevant because it mandates that health care organizations provide reasonable accommodations to individuals with disabilities, including effective communication. For a patient requiring a sign language interpreter, the hospital must provide appropriate auxiliary aids and services to ensure meaningful access to care.
HIPAA relates primarily to privacy and protected health information, while HCQIA addresses peer review immunity and credentialing matters. Therefore, ADA and EMTALA are the most relevant regulatory frameworks in this case.
NEW QUESTION # 37
Root Cause Analyses most often reveal that mistakes are a result of:
Answer: B
Explanation:
RCA and systems safety models (e.g., Swiss Cheese) emphasize that adverse events typically requiremultiple contributing factors-small process breakdowns, latent conditions, and active failures-to align. This is why focusing only on the last person who touched the patient ("sharp end blame") rarely prevents recurrence. Risk management objectives are to identify and strengthen defenses: policies, training, equipment design, staffing models, communication standards, and redundancy where needed. A series-of-events understanding enables targeted corrective actions (forcing functions, standardization, automation with safeguards, independent double checks for high-alert processes). It also supports just culture: accountability is preserved for reckless behavior, but most improvement comes from redesigning systems that make errors more likely. This approach improves reliability, reduces repeat harm, and provides defensible evidence of organizational learning and corrective action.
NEW QUESTION # 38
Per The Joint Commission and CMS patient visitation standards, a hospital may restrict an individual's ability to visit a patient if the visitor
Answer: A
Explanation:
According to Health Care Risk Management standards supported by ASHRM, CMS Conditions of Participation, and The Joint Commission patient visitation standards, hospitals must have written visitation policies that respect patient rights. Patients generally have the right to designate visitors of their choosing, including individuals who are not immediate family members. Visitation cannot be restricted based on non- clinical factors such as relationship status or surrogate designation.
However, facilities may impose clinically reasonable or safety-based restrictions. If a visitor administers an unknown drug intravenously to a patient, this presents a clear and immediate threat to patient safety. Such conduct justifies restricting visitation to protect the patient from harm, maintain clinical control of treatment, and prevent unsafe interference with care.
Being known as a drug seeker in the community, without evidence of disruptive or harmful behavior during the visit, does not alone justify restriction under patient rights standards. Similarly, visitation cannot be denied solely because the individual is not the designated healthcare surrogate.
Legal and regulatory objectives emphasize balancing patient rights with safety and security. Therefore, a hospital may restrict visitation when a visitor's actions pose a direct threat to patient safety.
NEW QUESTION # 39
According to The Joint Commission, which of the following should be done to patient-owned electrical devices entering the facility?
Answer: D
Explanation:
According to Health Care Risk Management standards supported by ASHRM and accreditation guidance from The Joint Commission, patient-owned electrical devices brought into healthcare facilities must be evaluated to ensure they do not pose safety risks. The Joint Commission's Environment of Care standards emphasize electrical safety, fire prevention, and reduction of hazards within patient care areas.
Before a patient-owned electrical device is used within the facility, an electrical safety inspection should be conducted to assess the integrity of cords, plugs, grounding, and overall condition. The purpose is to identify potential risks such as frayed wiring, overheating hazards, or improper voltage compatibility that could endanger patients, staff, or equipment.
Simply inventorying the device with personal belongings does not address safety concerns. Sequestering the device may be appropriate if it fails inspection, but routine confiscation is not required. While biomedical engineering departments often assist with inspections, tagging by biomedical engineering is not itself the required action; the essential requirement is that a safety inspection be performed.
Clinical and patient safety objectives emphasize proactive hazard identification and compliance with accreditation standards. Therefore, conducting an electrical safety inspection is the appropriate action for patient-owned electrical devices entering the facility.
NEW QUESTION # 40
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