さらに、ShikenPASS L4M2ダンプの一部が現在無料で提供されています：https://drive.google.com/open?id=1azvhaUcTa1f-HC6HWjFZPmqFUfi4gFKT
L4M2学習準備では、多くの利点とさまざまな機能が強化され、学習がリラックスして効率的になります。クライアントは、製品を購入する前にL4M2試験トレントの無料ダウンロードと試用ができ、クライアントが正常に支払いを行った直後にL4M2学習教材をダウンロードできます。また、L4M2ラーニングガイドの更新がある場合、システムは更新をクライアントに自動的に送信します。CIPSしたがって、あなたは、効率的な学習と試験の良い準備を持つことができます。 L4M2の最新の質問があなたにとって絶対に良い選択であると信じられています。
| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Understand the use of specifications in procurement and supply | |
| Understand how to develop a business case for requirements to be sourced from external suppliers | - Analyse how market factors affect procurement |
| Understand market management in procurement and supply | - Contrast direct costs and indirect costs
|
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質問 # 115
Which of the following are typically reasons why an organisation implements value analysis? Select TWO that apply:
正解：C
解説：
Value analysis is a systematic review of the production, purchasing and product design processes to reduce overall product costs. This can be accomplished through a variety of activities, including the following:
- Designing products to use lower-tolerance parts that are less expensive
- Switching to lower-cost components
- Standardizing parts across product platforms in order to achieve volume discounts
- Altering production processes to minimize the amount of production cycle time, thereby reducing labor costs
- Introducing automation to strip labor costs out of the production process
- Altering product packaging to lower its cost while still protecting the product The process is not a wholesale attack on costs. Costs are only reduced when the result will not im-pact the perceived level of quality experienced by customers, or the level of customer satisfaction.
Reference: CIPS study guide page 160-163
LO 3, AC 3.4
質問 # 116
When a procurement manager considers a substitution, the number and nature of additional func-tions that substitute provides should be taken into account carefully. Which of the following ratio could help the procurement manager to make the right decision?
正解：A
解説：
One product substitutes for another if it offers buyers an inducement to switch that exceeds the cost or overcomes the resistance to doing so. A substitute offers an inducement to switch if the substitute provides the buyer with more value relative to its price than the product currently being used. There is always some cost of switching to a substitute because of the disruption and potential reconfiguration of buyer activities that must result, however. The threat of a substitute will vary depending on the size of the inducement relative to the required switching costs.
In addition to relative value to price and switching cost, the pattern of substitution is influenced by what I term the buyer's propensity to switch. Faced with equivalent economic inducements for substitution, different buyers will often evaluate substitution differently. The threat of substitution, then, is a function of three factors:
* The relative value/ price of a substitute compared to an industry's product
* The cost of switching to the substitute
* The buyer's propensity to switch
Porter, Michael E.. Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance (p. 278). Free Press. Kindle Edition.
The price-to-book ratio compares a company's market value to its book value. The market value of a company is its share price multiplied by the number of outstanding shares. The book value is the net assets of a company.
The price-to-earnings ratio (P/E ratio) is the ratio for valuing a company that measures its current share price relative to its earnings per share (EPS). The price-to-earnings ratio is also sometimes known as the price multiple or the earnings multiple.
The reserve ratio is the portion of reservable liabilities that commercial banks must hold onto, rather than lend out or invest. This is a requirement determined by the country's central bank, which in the United States is the Federal Reserve. It is also known as the cash reserve ratio.
LO 2, AC 2.2
質問 # 117
XYZ Ltd is a large supermarket chain which operates mainly in the UK and Europe. Their custom-ers are increasingly concerned about sustainability. Therefore, procurement manager is required to source the products from suppliers who have good environmental performance. Which of the fol-lowing can be an assurance that the supplier has procedures and policies to enhance its environmental performance?
正解：C
解説：
ISO 9001:2015 specifies requirements for a quality management system.
ISO 14001:2015 specifies the requirements for an environmental management system that an or-ganization can use to enhance its environmental performance. ISO 14001:2015 is intended for use by an organization seeking to manage its environmental responsibilities in a systematic manner that contributes to the environmental pillar of sustainability.
ISO 22716:2007 gives guidelines for the production, control, storage and shipment of cosmetic products.
These guidelines cover the quality aspects of the product, but as a whole do not cover safety aspects for the personnel engaged in the plant, nor do they cover aspects of protection of the environment.
ISO 13485:2016 specifies requirements for a quality management system where an organization needs to demonstrate its ability to provide medical devices and related services that consistently meet customer and applicable regulatory requirements.
Reference: CIPS study guide page 125
LO 3, AC 3.1
質問 # 118
Which of the following are characteristics of effective financial markets?
* Market stability is maintained
* Market volatility is encouraged
* Investment is encouraged
* The level of regulation is reduced
正解：B
質問 # 119
Azram, a procurement analyst, has been tasked with applying whole-life asset management when purchasing a piece of laboratory equipment. Was this the correct course of action?
正解：B
解説：
Whole-life costing (WLC) is a key part of asset management. It focuses not only on purchase price, but also on operation, maintenance, energy use, training, and disposal.
As defined in the CIPS L4M2 Study Guide, Chapter 3: Whole-life costing:
"Whole-life asset management involves considering the total cost of ownership - from purchase through to disposal - ensuring that procurement decisions account for all associated costs, not just the initial purchase price." Assessment:
* A. Focus on price only - Incorrect. WLC considers more than just price.
* B. All associated costs - Correct. This is the definition of whole-life asset management.
* C. Costs of quality - Quality cost is one component but not the full scope of WLC.
* D. Transactional costs - These may be included, but WLC is broader.
Correct answer: B
CIPS Study Guide Reference:
* Module: L4M2 - Defining Business Needs
* Chapter 3: Whole-life costing and cost management
* Topic: Whole-life asset management
質問 # 120
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