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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Fundamentals of Testing | 20% | - The Psychology of Testing
|
| Topic 2: Testing Throughout the Software Development Lifecycle | 20% | - Software Development Lifecycle Models
|
| Topic 3: Static Testing | 15% | - Static Testing Basics
|
| Topic 4: Test Analysis and Design | 20% | - Experience-Based Test Techniques
|
| Topic 5: Tool Support for Testing | 0% | - Benefits and Risks of Test Automation
|
| Topic 6: Managing the Test Activities | 25% | - Defect Management
|
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NEW QUESTION # 76
Which of the following work products cannot be examined by static analysis?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Static analysis is the process of examining the work products of a software development or testing activity without executing them. Static analysis can be applied to various types of work products, such as requirements, design, code, test cases, etc. However, test plans are not suitable for static analysis, because they are high-level documents that describe the test objectives, scope, strategy, resources, schedule, and risks of a testing project. Test plans are not executable or formalized in a way that static analysis tools can analyze them.
Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
References: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.01, Section 2.2.1, page 20; ISTQB Glossary v4.02, page 45.
NEW QUESTION # 77
Which of the following about typical information found within a test plan is FALSE?
Answer: B
Explanation:
A typical test plan includes various elements, such as resource requirements, test completion criteria, and suspension/resumption criteria. However, the list of product risks that have not been fully mitigated is generally not included in the test plan but rather in the risk management documentation.
The test plan focuses on planning and executing tests, including resource allocation and defining criteria for test suspension and resumption.
While risk management is crucial, unmitigated risks are typically documented in risk logs or separate risk management plans.
NEW QUESTION # 78
Which of the following statements is true?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Failures can be caused by defects, but also by environmental conditions. A failure is an event in which the software system does not perform a required function or performs a function incorrectly, according to the expected behavior. A defect is a flaw in the software system or a deviation from the requirements or the specifications, that may cause a failure. However, not all failures are caused by defects, as some failures may be caused by environmental conditions, such as hardware malfunctions, network interruptions, power outages, incompatible configurations, etc. Environmental conditions are factors that affect the operation of the software system, but are not part of the software system itself. The other statements are false, because:
A defect does not always produce a failure, while a bug always produces a failure. This statement is false, because a defect may or may not produce a failure, depending on the inputs, the outputs, the states, or the scenarios of the software system, and a bug is just another term for a defect, so it has the same possibility of producing a failure as a defect. For example, a defect in a rarely used feature or a hidden branch of the code may never produce a failure, while a defect in a frequently used feature or a critical path of the code may produce a failure often. A bug is not a different concept from a defect, but rather a synonym or a colloquial term for a defect, so it has the same definition and implications as a defect.
A defect may cause a failure which, when occurring, always causes an error. This statement is false, because an error is not a consequence of a failure, but rather a cause of a defect. An error is a human action or a mistake that produces a defect in the software system, such as a typo, a logic flaw, a requirement misunderstanding, etc. An error is not observable in the software system, but rather in the human mind or the human work products, such as the code, the design, the documentation, etc. A failure is not a cause of an error, but rather a result of a defect, which is a result of an error. For example, an error in the code may cause a defect in the software system, which may cause a failure in the software behavior.
Bugs are defects found during component testing, while failures are defects found at higher test levels. This statement is false, because bugs and failures are not different types of defects, but rather different terms for defects and their manifestations. As mentioned before, bugs are just another word for defects, and failures are the events in which the software system does not perform as expected due to defects. Bugs and failures can be found at any test level, not only at component testing or higher test levels. Test levels are the stages of testing that correspond to the levels of integration of the software system, such as component testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing. Defects and failures can occur and be detected at any test level, depending on the test objectives, the test basis, the test techniques, and the test environment. Reference: ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level (CTFL) v4.0 sources and documents:
ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 1.1.2, Testing and Quality1 ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 1.2.1, Testing Principles1 ISTQB® Certified Tester Foundation Level Syllabus v4.0, Chapter 1.3.1, Testing in Software Development Lifecycles1 ISTQB® Glossary of Testing Terms v4.0, Failure, Defect, Bug, Environmental Condition, Error, Test Level2
NEW QUESTION # 79
Which of the following is supported by good information traceability?
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 80
Scenario 2 "Big Drop":
The management of the company "The Big Drop" has instructed the Product Team to configure the discounts in the sales terminals so that frequent customers receive an additional discount on top of a bulk discount, based on the following table:
You must design test cases to represent all POSSIBLE and REAL business scenarios. Test cases should be generated using the input data provided in the table above.
How many POSSIBLE decision rules can be extracted from the table above?
Answer: B
Explanation:
This is a classic application of the Decision Table Testing technique.
We are combining two conditions:
Purchase Volume, which has3 equivalence classes:
1 to 100 units 0%
101 to 1000 units 5%
More than 1000 units 10%
Customer Type, which has2 categories:
Frequent Customer = YES 5% extra
Frequent Customer = NO 0%
This gives:
3 (bulk discount levels) - 2 (frequent customer options) = 6 unique decision rules Each combination of these input conditions defines a separate test scenario with its own outcome.
"Decision table testing is used to identify the different combinations of inputs and their associated outputs. Each unique combination of input values defines a rule."
NEW QUESTION # 81
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