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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Cluster Architecture, Installation & Configuration | 25% | - Implement high availability control plane - Work with CRDs and Operators - Understand CNI, CSI, CRI interfaces - Install components via Helm / Kustomize - Manage RBAC - Manage cluster lifecycle and upgrades - Prepare infrastructure for cluster installation - Create and manage clusters with kubeadm |
| Topic 2: Troubleshooting | 30% | - Cluster component health checks - Worker node issues and recovery - Log collection and analysis - Pod and application failures - Network connectivity and DNS resolution problems - Control plane component failures |
| Topic 3: Storage | 10% | - StorageClasses and dynamic provisioning - Volume types and access modes - Persistent Volumes (PV) and Persistent Volume Claims (PVC) - StatefulSet storage configuration |
| Topic 4: Services & Networking | 20% | - Service types: ClusterIP, NodePort, LoadBalancer, ExternalName - Ingress resources and controllers - CNI configuration and troubleshooting - CoreDNS and service discovery - Network policies |
| Topic 5: Workloads & Scheduling | 15% | - Configure applications with ConfigMaps and Secrets - Resource requests, limits and autoscaling - Pod scheduling: node selector, affinity, taints/tolerations - Pod lifecycle, init containers, probes - Deployments, rolling updates and rollbacks |
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NEW QUESTION # 18
Set the node named ek8s-node-1 as unavailable and reschedule all the pods running on it.
Answer:
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION # 19
Create a pod with image nginx called nginx and allow traffic on port 80
Answer:
Explanation:
kubectl run nginx --image=nginx --restart=Never --port=80
NEW QUESTION # 20
You have a Deployment named 'web-app' running 3 replicas of a web server. You need to define a PodDisruptionBudget (PDB) that ensures at least 2 replicas of the 'web-app' are always available during a planned or unplanned disruption. Write the YAML definition for the PDB and explain how it helps to ensure availability.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. PDB YAML Definition:
2. Explanation: - 'apiVersion: policy/vl Specifies the API version for the PodDisruptionBudget resource. - 'kind: PodDisruptionBudget': Specifies the type of resource, which is a PodDisruptionBudget. - 'metadata.name: web-app-pdb': Sets the name of the PDB. - 'spec.selector.matchLabels: app: web-app': This selector targets the Pods labeled with 'app: web-app' , ensuring the PDB applies to the 'web-app' Deployment's Pods. - 'spec.minAvailable: 2: Specifies the minimum number of Pods (replicas) that must remain available during a disruption. In this case, at least 2 replicas of 'web-app' must be running. 3. How it ensures availability: - Planned Disruptions: If you need to perform a maintenance operation that requires taking down a Pod, the Kubernetes scheduler will not allow it if doing so would violate the PDB. For example, if you try to delete a Pod belonging to 'web-app' , the scheduler will prevent it because deleting it would reduce the available replicas below the 'minAvailable' threshold. - Unplanned Disruptions: In case of node failures, the PDB helps to protect the application by ensuring that the minimum required number of Pods remain running on other healthy nodes. 4. Implementation: - Apply the YAML using 'kubectl apply -f web-app-pdb.yamr 5. Verification: You can verify the PDB's effectiveness by trying to delete Pods or simulate a node failure. You should observe that the scheduler prevents actions that would violate the 'minAvailable' constraint.
NEW QUESTION # 21
Create and configure the service front-end-service so it's accessible through NodePort and routes to the existing pod named front-end.
Answer:
Explanation:
solution
NEW QUESTION # 22
You are tasked with securing a Kubernetes cluster by implementing RBAC. Your cluster has two namespaces: 'dev' and 'prod'. You need to create a role that allows users in the 'dev' namespace to create, delete, and list deployments, but only read-only access to deployments in the 'prod' namespace. Additionally, these users should have access to create and manage ConfigMaps within both namespaces.
Create the necessary RBAC resources (Role, RoleBinding) to implement this access control policy.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
Step 1: Create a Role for the 'dev' namespace.
Step 2: Create a Role for the 'prod' namespace.
Step 3: Create a RoleBinding in the 'dev' namespace.
Step 4: Create a RoleBinding in the 'prod' namespace.
Step 5: Apply the YAML files to the cluster.
Now, the 'dev-user' can create, delete, and list deployments within the 'dev' namespace. They can only view deployments in the 'prod' namespace. They can also create and manage ConfigMaps in both namespaces.
NEW QUESTION # 23
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