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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| MPLS and VPN Technologies | - MPLS fundamentals
|
| Network Design and Troubleshooting | - Troubleshooting methods
|
| IPv6 and Network Services | - IPv6 routing technologies
|
| BGP and Internet Routing | - BGP fundamentals
|
| Advanced Routing Protocols | - IS-IS Routing Protocol
|
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NEW QUESTION # 48
The RR rules for advertising routes break the IBGP split horizon rules, so it may cause loops in the AS.
What routing attributes does RR use to prevent loops? (Multiple choice)
Answer: A,D
NEW QUESTION # 49
An administrator runs the display mpls lsp command to view LSPs on a device. The command output is shown in the figure.
Which of the following statements is true?
Options:
Answer: A
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
1. Understanding MPLS Label Forwarding Information
The output of the display mpls lsp command shows the Label Forwarding Information Base (LFIB) used by the router to forward MPLS packets.
Each entry consists of:
* FEC (Forwarding Equivalence Class): The destination IP prefix.
* In Label / Out Label: Incoming label (received) and outgoing label (sent).
* In IF / Out IF: Incoming and outgoing interfaces.
2. Analyzing the Given LSP Table
FEC (Destination IP)
In Label
Out Label
Outgoing Interface
1.1.1.1/32
3
NULL
-
2.2.2.2/32
NULL
3
GE0/0/1
2.2.2.2/32
1026
3
GE0/0/1
3.3.3.3/32
NULL
1027
GE0/0/1
3.3.3.3/32
1027
1027
GE0/0/1
Key Observations:
* NULL means the label is removed (Penultimate Hop Popping - PHP).
* Label 3 is the implicit null label, meaning the label is removed before sending to the next router.
* For destination 3.3.3.3, the router adds label 1027 before forwarding it to GE0/0/1.
3. Evaluating Each Answer Option
* Option A: " Before forwarding a packet destined for 2.2.2.2, the device adds label 3 to the packet. " # Incorrect.
* The output shows that packets destined for 2.2.2.2 have the NULL (label 3) entry, which means the label is removed before forwarding, not added.
* Option B: " Before forwarding a packet destined for 1.1.1.1, the device adds label 3 to the packet. " # Incorrect.
* The entry 1.1.1.1 # 3/NULL means the label is removed (PHP), so the device does not add label 3.
* Option C: " Before forwarding a packet destined for any IP address, the device removes labels from the packet. " # Incorrect.
* The device removes labels only for some destinations (e.g., 1.1.1.1 and 2.2.2.2), but it adds label
1027 for 3.3.3.3.
* Not all IPs have their labels removed.
* Option D: " Before forwarding a packet destined for 3.3.3.3, the device adds label 1027 to the packet. "
# Correct.
* The entry 3.3.3.3 # NULL/1027 means that the router adds label 1027 before forwarding packets to GE0/0/1.
Final answer:
(Before forwarding a packet destined for 3.3.3.3, the device adds label 1027 to the packet).
HCIP-Datacom-Advanced Routing & Switching Technology References:
* Understanding MPLS LDP (Label Distribution Protocol) and LFIB
* Implicit Null (Label 3) and Penultimate Hop Popping (PHP)
* MPLS Label Swapping and Forwarding Process
NEW QUESTION # 50
On the OSPFv3 network shown in the figure, area 1 is a stub area, area 2 is a common area, and area 3 is an NSSA. Which of the following LSAs is displayed only in area 2?
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 51
Type 7 LSAs, used to describe imported external routes, were introduced to support NSSAs. They are generated by autonomous system boundary routers (ASBRs) in NSSAs. The flooding scope of Type 7 LSAs is similar to that of Type 5 LSAs. That is, besides being flooded to common areas and stub areas, Type 7 LSAs are also flooded to all NSSAs on the OSPF network.
Answer: A
Explanation:
OSPF uses Type 7 Link-State Advertisements (LSAs) to describe external routing information originating within a Not-So-Stubby Area (NSSA). An ASBR inside an NSSA can redistribute external routes and advertise them using Type 7 LSAs.
However, Type 7 LSAs have area-local flooding scope. They are distributed only throughout the NSSA in which they originate, not throughout all NSSAs or ordinary OSPF areas.
An NSSA Area Border Router (ABR) can translate eligible Type 7 LSAs into Type 5 AS-External LSAs.
These Type 5 LSAs can then be advertised throughout the appropriate non-stub portions of the OSPF autonomous system.
Stub areas do not accept Type 5 external LSAs, and Type 7 LSAs are not flooded into other areas.
Consequently, the statement incorrectly describes the flooding scope of Type 7 LSAs and is FALSE.
HCIP-Datacom-Advanced Routing & Switching Technology V1.0 Training Material.pdf
NEW QUESTION # 52
Configure ipv6 preference in IS-IS protocol view. The function of this command is to configure the priority of IPv6 routes generated by IS-Is protocol.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 53
......
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