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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Security Operations | 30% | - Security Monitoring
|
| Topic 2: Reporting and Communication | 0% | - Communication Strategies
|
| Topic 3: Incident Response | 20% | - Incident Response Process
|
| Topic 4: Vulnerability Management | 30% | - Vulnerability Identification
|
| Topic 5: Threat and Attack Analysis | 20% | - Threat Intelligence
|
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NEW QUESTION # 136
An organization has implemented code into a production environment. During a routine test, a penetration tester found that some of the code had a backdoor implemented, causing a developer to make changes outside of the change management windows. Which of the following is the best way to prevent this issue?
Answer: C
Explanation:
* A backdoor is a deliberate vulnerability inserted into the code, often allowing unauthorized access.
* Source code review (Option D) is the best way to detect malicious code before it is deployed to production.
* SDLC training (Option A) is helpful but does not directly prevent the insertion of backdoors.
* Dynamic analysis (Option B) detects vulnerabilities at runtime but may not always identify backdoors in code.
* Debugging (Option C) is useful for troubleshooting but does not address security vulnerabilities.
# Reference: CompTIA CySA+ CS0-003 Official Study Guide, Secure Software Development Practices.
NEW QUESTION # 137
A company brings in a consultant to make improvements to its website. After the consultant leaves. a web developer notices unusual activity on the website and submits a suspicious file containing the following code to the security team:
Which of the following did the consultant do?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The correct answer is A. Implanted a backdoor.
A backdoor is a method that allows an unauthorized user to access a system or network without the permission or knowledge of the owner. A backdoor can be installed by exploiting a software vulnerability, by using malware, or by physically modifying the hardware or firmware of the device. A backdoor can be used for various malicious purposes, such as stealing data, installing malware, executing commands, or taking control of the system.
In this case, the consultant implanted a backdoor in the website by using an HTML and PHP code snippet that displays an image of a shutdown button and an alert message that says "Exit". However, the code also echoes the remote address of the server, which means that it sends the IP address of the visitor to the attacker. This way, the attacker can identify and target the visitors of the website and use their IP addresses to launch further attacks or gain access to their devices.
The code snippet is an example of a clickjacking attack, which is a type of interface-based attack that tricks a user into clicking on a hidden or disguised element on a webpage. However, clickjacking is not the main goal of the consultant, but rather a means to implant the backdoor. Therefore, option C is incorrect.
Option B is also incorrect because privilege escalation is an attack technique that allows an attacker to gain higher or more permissions than they are supposed to have on a system or network. Privilege escalation can be achieved by exploiting a software vulnerability, by using malware, or by abusing misconfigurations or weak access controls. However, there is no evidence that the consultant implemented privilege escalation on the website or gained any elevated privileges.
Option D is also incorrect because patching is a process of applying updates to software to fix errors, improve performance, or enhance security. Patching can prevent or mitigate various types of attacks, such as exploits, malware infections, or denial-of-service attacks. However, there is no indication that the consultant patched the web server or improved its security in any way.
References:
1 What Is a Backdoor & How to Prevent Backdoor Attacks (2023)
2 What is Clickjacking? Tutorial & Examples | Web Security Academy
3 What Is Privilege Escalation and How It Relates to Web Security | Acunetix
4 What Is Patching? | Best Practices For Patch Management - cWatch Blog
NEW QUESTION # 138
A security analyst performs a vulnerability scan. Based on the metrics from the scan results, the analyst must prioritize which hosts to patch. The analyst runs the tool and receives the following output:
Which of the following hosts should be patched first, based on the metrics?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Host03 should be patched first, based on the metrics, as it has the highest risk score and the highest number of critical vulnerabilities. The risk score is calculated by multiplying the CVSS score by the exposure factor, which is the percentage of systems that are vulnerable to the exploit. Host03 has a risk score of 10 x 0.9 = 9, which is higher than any other host. Host03 also has 5 critical vulnerabilities, which are the most severe and urgent to fix, as they can allow remote code execution, privilege escalation, or data loss. The other hosts have lower risk scores and lower numbers of critical vulnerabilities, so they can be patched later.
NEW QUESTION # 139
An organization conducted a web application vulnerability assessment against the corporate website, and the following output was observed:
Which of the following tuning recommendations should the security analyst share?
Answer: B
Explanation:
The output shows that the web application has a cross-origin resource sharing (CORS) header that allows any origin to access its resources. This is a security misconfiguration that could allow malicious websites to make requests to the web application on behalf of the user and access sensitive data or perform unauthorized actions. The tuning recommendation is to configure the Access-Control-Allow-Origin header to only allow authorized domains that need to access the web application's resources. This would prevent unauthorized cross-origin requests and reduce the risk of cross-site request forgery (CSRF) attacks.
Reference: OWASP Top Ten | OWASP Foundation
NEW QUESTION # 140
A security administrator has found indications of dictionary attacks against the company's external- facing portal. Which of the following should be implemented to best mitigate the password attacks?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Dictionary attacks involve an attacker attempting to guess passwords by using a list of common passwords. Implementing a lockout policy is effective because it limits the number of login attempts, thereby hindering the attacker's ability to repeatedly attempt different passwords.
Lockout policies are standard in cybersecurity practices to prevent brute-force and dictionary attacks by temporarily disabling an account after a certain number of failed login attempts.
NEW QUESTION # 141
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