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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Design for Organizational Complexity | 12.5% | - Cross-account strategies and AWS organizations
|
| Cost Control | 18.5% | - Cost optimization strategies
- Reserved capacity planning
|
| Migration Planning | 15% | - Migration tools and services
|
| Design for New Solutions | 31% | - Cost optimization at design phase
|
| Continuous Improvement for Existing Solutions | 23% | - Operational excellence improvements
|
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NEW QUESTION # 115
A company has an Amazon VPC that is divided into a public subnet and a pnvate subnet. A web application runs in Amazon VPC. and each subnet has its own NACL The public subnet has a CIDR of 10.0.0 0/24 An Application Load Balancer is deployed to the public subnet The private subnet has a CIDR of 10.0.1.0/24.
Amazon EC2 instances that run a web server on port 80 are launched into the private subnet Onty network traffic that is required for the Application Load Balancer to access the web application can be allowed to travel between the public and private subnets What collection of rules should be written to ensure that the private subnet's NACL meets the requirement?
(Select TWO.)
Answer: A,D
Explanation:
Explanation
Ephemeral ports are not covered in the syllabus so be careful that you don't confuse day to day best practise with what is required for the exam. Link to an explanation on Ephemeral ports here.
https://acloud.guru/forums/aws-certified-solutions-architect-associate/discussion/-KUbcwo4lXefMl7janaK/netw
NEW QUESTION # 116
During an audit, a security team discovered that a development team was putting IAM user secret access keys in their code and then committing it to an AWS CodeCommit repository. The security team wants to automatically find and remediate instances of this security vulnerability.
Which solution will ensure that the credentials are appropriately secured automatically7
Answer: D
Explanation:
CodeCommit may use S3 on the back end (and it also uses DynamoDB on the back end) but I don't think they're stored in buckets that you can see or point Macie to. In fact, there are even solutions out there describing how to copy your repo from CodeCommit into S3 to back it up: https://docs.aws.amazon.com
/prescriptive-guidance/latest/patterns/automate-event-driven-backups-from-codecommit-to-amazon-s3-using- codebuild-and-cloudwatch-events.html
NEW QUESTION # 117
A company is planning to migrate an Amazon RDS for Oracle database to an RDS for PostgreSQL DB instance in another AWS account. A solutions architect needs to design a migration strategy that will require no downtime and that will minimize the amount of time necessary to complete the migration. The migration strategy must replicate all existing data and any new data that is created during the migration. The target database must be identical to the source database at completion of the migration process.
All applications currently use an Amazon Route 53 CNAME record as their endpoint for communication with the RDS for Oracle DB instance. The RDS for Oracle DB instance is in a private subnet.
Which combination of steps should the solutions architect take to meet these requirements?
(Choose three.)
Answer: A,B,E
Explanation:
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/dms/latest/sbs/chap-oracle-postgresql.migration-process.data- migration.html
NEW QUESTION # 118
A company's public API runs as tasks on Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS). The tasks run on AWS Fargate behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB) and are configured with Service Auto Scaling for the tasks based on CPU utilization. This service has been running well for several months.
Recently, API performance slowed down and made the application unusable. The company discovered that a significant number of SQL injection attacks had occurred against the API and that the API service had scaled to its maximum amount.
A solutions architect needs to implement a solution that prevents SQL injection attacks from reaching the ECS API service. The solution must allow legitimate traffic through and must maximize operational efficiency.
Which solution meets these requirements?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The company should create a new AWS WAF web ACL. The company should add a new rule that blocks requests that match the SQL database rule group. The company should set the web ACL to allow all other traffic that does not match those rules. The company should attach the web ACL to the ALB in front of the ECS tasks. This solution will meet the requirements because AWS WAF is a web application firewall that lets you monitor and control web requests that are forwarded to your web applications. You can use AWS WAF to define customizable web security rules that control which traffic can access your web applications and which traffic should be blocked1. By creating a new AWS WAF web ACL, the company can create a collection of rules that define the conditions for allowing or blocking web requests. By adding a new rule that blocks requests that match the SQL database rule group, the company can prevent SQL injection attacks from reaching the ECS API service. The SQL database rule group is a managed rule group provided by AWS that contains rules to protect against common SQL injection attack patterns2. By setting the web ACL to allow all other traffic that does not match those rules, the company can ensure that legitimate traffic can access the API service. By attaching the web ACL to the ALB in front of the ECS tasks, the company can apply the web security rules to all requests that are forwarded by the load balancer.
The other options are not correct because:
* Creating a new AWS WAF Bot Control implementation would not prevent SQL injection attacks from reaching the ECS API service. AWS WAF Bot Control is a feature that gives you visibility and control over common and pervasive bot traffic that can consume excess resources, skew metrics, cause downtime, or perform other undesired activities. However, it does not protect against SQL injection attacks, which are malicious attempts to execute unauthorized SQL statements against your database3.
* Creating a new AWS WAF web ACL to monitor the HTTP requests and HTTPS requests that are forwarded to the ALB in front of the ECS tasks would not prevent SQL injection attacks from reaching the ECS API service. Monitoring mode is a feature that enables you to evaluate how your rules would perform without actually blocking any requests. However, this mode does not provide any protection against attacks, as it only logs and counts requests that match your rules4.
* Creating a new AWS WAF web ACL and creating a new empty IP set in AWS WAF would not prevent SQL injection attacks from reaching the ECS API service. An IP set is a feature that enables you to specify a list of IP addresses or CIDR blocks that you want to allow or block based on their source IP address. However, this approach would not be effective or efficient against SQL injection attacks, as it would require constantly updating the IP set with new IP addresses of attackers, and it would not block attackers who use proxies or VPNs.
References:
* https://aws.amazon.com/waf/
* https://docs.aws.amazon.com/waf/latest/developerguide/aws-managed-rule-groups-list.html#sql-injection-rule-group
* https://docs.aws.amazon.com/waf/latest/developerguide/waf-bot-control.html
* https://docs.aws.amazon.com/waf/latest/developerguide/web-acl-monitoring-mode.html
* https://docs.aws.amazon.com/waf/latest/developerguide/waf-ip-sets.html
NEW QUESTION # 119
A company has a new requirement to store all database backups in an isolated AWS account. The company is using AWS Organizations and has created a central write-once, read-many (WORM) account for the backups.
The company has 40 Amazon RDS for MySQL databases in its production account. The databases are encrypted with the default RDS AWS KMS key. RDS automated backups of the databases occur daily and have a retention period of 30 days.
Which solution will successfully copy the database backups to the central account?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The company wants backups to be stored in an isolated central account designed for WORM storage. With AWS Organizations, AWS Backup supports centralized, cross-account backup management through delegated administration, backup policies, and cross-account backup vault usage. This provides the least operational overhead and scales to dozens of databases.
A key constraint is encryption. The databases are encrypted with the default RDS AWS KMS key. AWS- managed KMS keys (including the default RDS KMS key) are not customer-managed and generally cannot be shared across accounts for cross-account snapshot copy and cross-account backup workflows that require key sharing and explicit grants. For cross-account backup copies, the source backups must be encrypted with a customer managed KMS key that can be shared (via key policy and grants) with the destination account.
Therefore, the company must move away from using the default RDS AWS-managed key for encryption of snapshots that will be copied across accounts.
Option A uses the correct managed approach: enable trusted access and backup policies in Organizations, make the central account the delegated administrator, and use AWS Backup to manage cross-account backups into a central backup vault. It also correctly introduces a customer managed KMS key in the central account for the backup vault and shares that key with the production account. Because the existing databases are encrypted with the default RDS AWS-managed key, option A includes the necessary remediation step: restore (or otherwise recreate) the databases so they are encrypted with the shared customer managed KMS key, enabling future backups and copies to be encrypted with a shareable key and stored in the central vault.
Option B is not workable because it requires "sharing the default RDS KMS key" with another account and using it for the central vault. AWS-managed keys are not shared and are not controlled by customers in a way that supports this cross-account backup model. Therefore, this option fails the encryption requirement.
Option C and option D rely on decrypting snapshots, copying them as unencrypted, and then re-encrypting.
This is not a valid or safe operational pattern for RDS automated backups at scale, and it conflicts with typical constraints around snapshot encryption transitions. It also introduces substantial custom automation and operational overhead, and it undermines the objective of a controlled WORM backup account by manipulating encryption state through custom code. Additionally, "decrypting snapshots" is not how encrypted RDS snapshots are typically handled; encrypted snapshots remain encrypted and are copied re- encrypted with a different KMS key that the destination can use, which requires a customer managed key and proper permissions.
Therefore, the successful and scalable solution is to centralize backups with AWS Backup and ensure the databases are encrypted with a customer managed KMS key that can be shared cross-account, as described in option A.
References:
AWS documentation on AWS Backup centralized management with AWS Organizations, including delegated administrator and backup policies for cross-account governance.
AWS documentation on cross-account backup and snapshot copy requirements for encryption, including the need to use AWS KMS customer managed keys for cross-account sharing and re-encryption.
AWS guidance that AWS-managed KMS keys (service-managed default keys) are not shareable across accounts for these cross-account encryption and copy workflows.
NEW QUESTION # 120
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