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Microsoft GH-500 Exam Syllabus Topics:

TopicDetails
Topic 1
  • Configure and use Dependabot and Dependency Review: Focused on Software Engineers and Vulnerability Management Specialists, this section describes tools for managing vulnerabilities in dependencies. Candidates learn about the dependency graph and how it is generated, the concept and format of the Software Bill of Materials (SBOM), definitions of dependency vulnerabilities, Dependabot alerts and security updates, and Dependency Review functionality. It covers how alerts are generated based on the dependency graph and GitHub Advisory Database, differences between Dependabot and Dependency Review, enabling and configuring these tools in private repositories and organizations, default alert settings, required permissions, creating Dependabot configuration files and rules to auto-dismiss alerts, setting up Dependency Review workflows including license checks and severity thresholds, configuring notifications, identifying vulnerabilities from alerts and pull requests, enabling security updates, and taking remediation actions including testing and merging pull requests.
Topic 2
  • Describe GitHub Advanced Security best practices, results, and how to take corrective measures: This section evaluates skills of Security Managers and Development Team Leads in effectively handling GHAS results and applying best practices. It includes using Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) and Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE) identifiers to describe alerts and suggest remediation, decision-making processes for closing or dismissing alerts including documentation and data-based decisions, understanding default CodeQL query suites, how CodeQL analyzes compiled versus interpreted languages, the roles and responsibilities of development and security teams in workflows, adjusting severity thresholds for code scanning pull request status checks, prioritizing secret scanning remediation with filters, enforcing CodeQL and Dependency Review workflows via repository rulesets, and configuring code scanning, secret scanning, and dependency analysis to detect and remediate vulnerabilities earlier in the development lifecycle, such as during pull requests or by enabling push protection.
Topic 3
  • Configure and use secret scanning: This domain targets DevOps Engineers and Security Analysts with the skills to configure and manage secret scanning. It includes understanding what secret scanning is and its push protection capability to prevent secret leaks. Candidates differentiate secret scanning availability in public versus private repositories, enable scanning in private repos, and learn how to respond appropriately to alerts. The domain covers alert generation criteria for secrets, user role-based alert visibility and notification, customizing default scanning behavior, assigning alert recipients beyond admins, excluding files from scans, and enabling custom secret scanning within repositories.
Topic 4
  • Configure and use Code Scanning with CodeQL: This domain measures skills of Application Security Analysts and DevSecOps Engineers in code scanning using both CodeQL and third-party tools. It covers enabling code scanning, the role of code scanning in the development lifecycle, differences between enabling CodeQL versus third-party analysis, implementing CodeQL in GitHub Actions workflows versus other CI tools, uploading SARIF results, configuring workflow frequency and triggering events, editing workflow templates for active repositories, viewing CodeQL scan results, troubleshooting workflow failures and customizing configurations, analyzing data flows through code, interpreting code scanning alerts with linked documentation, deciding when to dismiss alerts, understanding CodeQL limitations related to compilation and language support, and defining SARIF categories.
Topic 5
  • Describe the GHAS security features and functionality: This section of the exam measures skills of Security Engineers and Software Developers and covers understanding the role of GitHub Advanced Security (GHAS) features within the overall security ecosystem. Candidates learn to differentiate security features available automatically for open source projects versus those unlocked when GHAS is paired with GitHub Enterprise Cloud (GHEC) or GitHub Enterprise Server (GHES). The domain includes knowledge of Security Overview dashboards, the distinctions between secret scanning and code scanning, and how secret scanning, code scanning, and Dependabot work together to secure the software development lifecycle. It also covers scenarios contrasting isolated security reviews with integrated security throughout the development lifecycle, how vulnerable dependencies are detected using manifests and vulnerability databases, appropriate responses to alerts, the risks of ignoring alerts, developer responsibilities for alerts, access management for viewing alerts, and the placement of Dependabot alerts in the development process.

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Microsoft GitHub Advanced Security Sample Questions (Q43-Q48):

NEW QUESTION # 43
If default code security settings have not been changed at the repository, organization, or enterprise level, which repositories receive Dependabot alerts?

Answer: D

Explanation:
When Dependabot detects vulnerable dependencies in your repositories, we generate a Dependabot alert and display it on the Security tab for the repository. GitHub notifies the maintainers of affected repositories about the new alert according to their notification preferences.
Dependabot is enabled by default on all public repositories, and needs to be enabled on private repositories.
Note:
By default, no repositories receive Dependabot alerts unless configuration is explicitly enabled.
GitHub does not enable Dependabot alerts automatically for any repositories unless:
The feature is turned on manually
It's configured at the organization or enterprise level via security policies This includes public, private, and enterprise-owned repositories -manual activation is required.


NEW QUESTION # 44
Where can you find a deleted line of code that contained a secret value?

Answer: D

Explanation:
Deleted lines of code containing secrets in a GitHub repository can still be accessed through the dependency graph and other tools, even after deletion. The dependency graph analyzes package manifest files to identify dependencies, including those in deleted or private repositories. Anyone with access to the dependency graph can potentially view the list of dependencies and their transitive dependencies, potentially exposing leaked secrets if they were previously part of the codebase.


NEW QUESTION # 45
As a contributor, you discovered a vulnerability in a repository. Where should you look for the instructions on how to report the vulnerability?

Answer: C

Explanation:
The correct place to look is the SECURITY.md file. This file provides contributors and security researchers with instructions on how to responsibly report vulnerabilities. It may include contact methods, preferred communication channels (e.g., security team email), and disclosure guidelines.
This file is considered a GitHub best practice and, when present, activates a "Report a vulnerability" button in the repository's Security tab.
: GitHub Docs - Adding a security policy to your repository


NEW QUESTION # 46
Hotspot Question
You have a GitHub Enterprise Cloud Organization that uses GitHub Advanced Security and runs CodeQL code scanning on pull requests (PRs).
You discover that a specific CodeQL alert is a false positive and must be closed without changing the code.
You need to dismiss the alert as a false positive result and add a dismissal comment.
How should you complete the GitHub CLI command? To answer, select the appropriate options in the answer area.
NOTE: Each correct selection is worth one point.

Answer:

Explanation:

Explanation:
Box 1: Gh
gh is the core executable command for the GitHub CLI tool. All GitHub CLI commands start with gh followed by the specific extension or API flag.
Box 2: ${owner}/${repo}
{owner}/{repo} represents the repository path required by the GitHub REST API endpoint. For an enterprise cloud organization, {owner} is your GitHub Organization name and {repo} is the specific repository name where the alert resides (e.g., my-org/my-application).
Reference:
https://cve.akaoma.com/cve-2023-3883


NEW QUESTION # 47
You have a GitHub Enterprise Cloud Organization that uses GitHub Advanced Security code scanning with CodeQL advanced setup.
The security engineering team at your company maintains a private repository named Repo1 that stores custom CodeQL queries and query suites for multiple languages.
You discover that changes to the custom queries can introduce noisy results and break existing tests. The regressions are detected only after the queries are deployed to production repositories.
You add a workflow step that runs CodeQL query tests on every pull request (PR). The step runs the following CodeQL CLI command.
codeql test run ./tests
You need to ensure that the workflow fails when query tests detect regressions.
What should you configure in the workflow?

Answer: D

Explanation:
To ensure that the GitHub Actions workflow fails when query tests detect regressions, you must configure the command or step to return a non-zero exit code on test failures.
By default, the codeql test run command executes unit tests by comparing the query output against expected .expected files.
Default Behavior: If any tests fail (meaning actual results deviate from the expected results), the CodeQL CLI natively emits a non-zero exit code (typically 1).
CI Integration: In GitHub Actions, any step that executes a command returning a non-zero exit code will automatically fail the step and halt the workflow.
The Risk: If the workflow is configured to suppress errors (e.g., using || true in a shell script, wrapping it in an accidental error-ignoring configuration, or setting continue-on-error: true at the step level), it will mask the failure by returning an exit code of 0.
Reference:
https://github.com/advanced-security/codeql-development-template/blob/main/resources/cli/qlt/qlt_test_run_execute-unit-tests.prompt.md


NEW QUESTION # 48
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