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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Patient Preparation | - Site selection and preparation - Patient identification and communication - Explaining procedures and obtaining consent |
| Specimen Collection | - Venipuncture techniques - Order of draw and tube handling - Capillary puncture procedures |
| Safety and Compliance | - Needlestick prevention and biohazard disposal - Infection control and PPE usage - OSHA standards and safety protocols |
| Professional Practice | - Communication and professionalism - Ethics and patient confidentiality (HIPAA) |
| Specimen Processing and Handling | - Specimen transport and storage - Quality control and rejection criteria - Labeling and documentation |
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NEW QUESTION # 125
Which of the following blood components is primarily responsible for oxygen transport?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Erythrocytes are primarily responsible for oxygen transport. They contain hemoglobin, the iron-containing protein that binds oxygen in the lungs and releases it to tissues. Platelets are involved in hemostasis and clot formation, not oxygen transport. Leukocytes are white blood cells that support immune defense. Plasma proteins perform functions such as maintaining oncotic pressure, transporting substances, and supporting clotting through proteins such as fibrinogen, but they are not the primary oxygen carriers. This foundational knowledge matters because phlebotomy technicians work with specimens used to evaluate red blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, indices, anemia, blood loss, and hemolysis. If a specimen is hemolyzed, red blood cells rupture and release intracellular contents, which can alter laboratory values. Understanding blood components helps the technician connect collection technique to specimen integrity. For example, rough handling, excessive suction, improper needle size, or vigorous shaking can damage erythrocytes and compromise results. Reference topics: Phlebotomy Fundamentals; blood components; erythrocytes; hemoglobin; CBC testing.
NEW QUESTION # 126
Which of the following actions should a phlebotomist take when using a syringe for venipuncture?
Answer: C
Explanation:
When using a syringe for venipuncture, the phlebotomist should transfer blood into tubes using a safety transfer device. A syringe may be used for fragile veins or situations where vacuum pressure could collapse the vein, but it introduces additional handling risk. Pulling the plunger forcefully can cause vein collapse, pain, and hemolysis. Removing tube stoppers and pouring blood into tubes is unsafe because it exposes the specimen and staff to blood, increases contamination risk, and disrupts additive ratios. Attaching a used needle to fill evacuated tubes is dangerous and creates needlestick risk. A safety transfer device allows blood to move from the syringe into evacuated tubes while maintaining a closed system and preserving order of draw. The phlebotomist should also avoid excessive force, fill tubes correctly, mix additive tubes gently, activate safety features, and discard sharps immediately. Reference topics: Routine Blood Collections; syringe method; blood transfer device; hemolysis prevention; sharps safety.
NEW QUESTION # 127
Which of the following conditions is a reason for specimen rejection?
Answer: D
Explanation:
A clotted lavender-top specimen is a reason for specimen rejection. Lavender-top tubes contain EDTA anticoagulant and are used for tests such as CBCs, which require anticoagulated whole blood. If the specimen clots, the cellular components are trapped in the clot, platelet counts can be falsely low, and automated hematology analysis becomes unreliable. Properly labeled specimens, correctly filled light-blue tubes, and specimens transported upright are acceptable practices, not rejection causes. A clotted lavender specimen usually results from failure to mix the tube properly immediately after collection, delayed inversion, underfilling or collection difficulty, or drawing blood slowly and allowing clotting to begin before the specimen contacts the additive. The correct prevention is to fill the tube to the required volume and gently invert it the recommended number of times immediately after collection. The phlebotomist should never shake the tube, because vigorous agitation can cause hemolysis. Reference topics: Processing Specimens; specimen rejection; EDTA tube mixing; clotted specimens; hematology testing.
NEW QUESTION # 128
Which of the following actions should a phlebotomist take immediately after blood splashes into their eye?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The phlebotomist should immediately flush the eye with water at an eyewash station. Blood exposure to mucous membranes is a bloodborne pathogen exposure incident and requires immediate decontamination before administrative steps. Wiping the eye with gauze is inadequate and can irritate tissue or fail to remove infectious material. Continuing patient collections delays treatment and increases occupational risk. Applying antibiotic ointment is outside the phlebotomist's role and does not replace proper exposure response. After flushing, the phlebotomist must report the incident according to facility policy, complete required documentation, and obtain occupational health follow-up. This may include source-patient evaluation, baseline testing, and post-exposure prophylaxis assessment when indicated. The correct professional sequence is decontaminate first, report immediately, document accurately, and follow the exposure-control plan. This question tests standard precautions, exposure control, OSHA-related safety obligations, and emergency response in the phlebotomy environment. Reference topics: Safety and Compliance; bloodborne pathogen exposure; mucous membrane exposure; eyewash use; incident reporting.
NEW QUESTION # 129
At which of the following angles should a phlebotomist insert an antecubital venipuncture needle?
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 130
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