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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Enterprise Firewall | - Security profiles
|
| Topic 2: SD-WAN | - Traffic steering
|
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NEW QUESTION # 135
Refer to the exhibit.
The VDOM configuration on a FortiGate device is shown. You discover that web filtering stopped working in Core1 and Core2 after a maintenance window.
What are two reasons why web filtering stopped working? (Choose two answers.)
Answer: A,D
Explanation:
The exhibit identifies the root VDOM as the management VDOM, indicated by the green check mark. The Enterprise Firewall 7.6 Administrator Study Guide explains that the management VDOM handles FortiGuard database downloads, license validation, and FortiGuard rating connectivity on behalf of the entire FortiGate system. It states that FortiGuard updates obtained through the management VDOM "will affect all VDOMs." Consequently, the root VDOM must reach either a public Fortinet Distribution Network server or a FortiManager configured as a FortiGuard Distribution Server in an isolated environment. The guide specifically identifies connectivity to "a FortiManager serving as a FortiGuard Distribution Server (FDS) in a closed network" as the alternative to public FortiGuard access. Loss of both paths prevents Core1 and Core2 from using current FortiGuard web-filtering information. Therefore, options A and B are correct.
Core1 and Core2 do not need to become management VDOMs; FortiGate uses one designated management VDOM for these system-level services. A VDOM link is used to route user traffic between VDOMs and is not required for distributing FortiGuard services, eliminating option D.
NEW QUESTION # 136
When FortiGate enters conserve mode because of memory pressure, which action can FortiGate perform to preserve memory?
Answer: B
Explanation:
The best verified answer is C.
The study guide says that when FortiGate is in conserve mode, it activates protection measures to recover memory space:
"System configuration cannot be changed"
"FortiGate skips quarantine actions (including FortiSandbox analysis)"
It also explains that inspection behavior can be reduced while in conserve mode:
"pass (default): All new sessions pass without inspection until FortiGate switches back to non-conserve mode."
"The av-failopen setting also applies to flow-based antivirus inspection." The FortiOS administration guide summarizes this behavior as:
"This causes functions such as antivirus scanning to change how they operate to reduce the functionality and conserve memory without compromising security." That is why C is the closest correct choice: FortiGate can reduce functionality of some processes, especially antivirus-related inspection, to preserve memory.
Why the other options are wrong:
A is wrong because FortiGate does not automatically reboot as a default conserve-mode action. A reboot can be configured through an automation stitch, but that is an optional administrator-defined response, not the built-in conserve-mode behavior B is wrong because the documentation does not say FortiGate switches from proxy-based inspection to flow- based inspection. Instead, it may pass traffic without inspection depending on av-failopen settings D is not generally correct for conserve mode. The study guide says FortiGate starts dropping new sessions only when memory usage exceeds the extreme threshold: "If memory usage exceeds the extreme threshold, all new sessions that require inspection (flow-based or proxy-based) are blocked." So the verified answer is: C.
NEW QUESTION # 137
Refer to the exhibit.
Which two observations can you make about the web filter traffic captured using the flow tool? (Choose two.)
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
Analyze the " Send to Application Layer " Message:
The most critical line in the debug output is: id=65308 ... func=av_receive ... msg= " send to application layer
"
Meaning: This message indicates that the FortiGate kernel is handing the packet over to a user-space daemon (specifically the WAD/Proxy process, indicated by av_receive handlers) for deep inspection.
Implication: This behavior is the hallmark of Proxy-based inspection. In Flow-based inspection, the traffic is handled by the IPS engine (often within the kernel or via specific IPS handlers like ips_measure), and you would not typically see a " send to application layer " message for standard web filtering.
Evaluate Option B (Firewall Policy Mode):
Since the traffic is being sent to the application layer proxy, the Firewall Policy controlling this traffic (Policy ID 1, as seen in Allowed by Policy-1) must be configured with Inspection Mode = Proxy. If it were Flow- based, the traffic would stay in the flow path. Thus, Option B is correct.
Evaluate Option C (Web Filter Profile Mode):
In FortiOS, when a firewall policy is set to Proxy-based inspection, the security profiles (like Web Filter) applied to that policy also operate in Proxy-based inspection mode. The presence of the av_receive function confirms that the content inspection (Web Filter/AV) is being performed by the proxy engine. Thus, Option C is correct.
Why Option A is Incorrect (NPU Offload):
The output shows npu_state=0x100. In the context of a flow trace where traffic is being " sent to application layer, " this confirms the session is not fully offloaded to the NPU (Network Processor). Offloaded traffic (Fast Path) is handled by the hardware and would not generate these specific CPU-level debug logs for the payload inspection phase. The proxying process requires CPU intervention.
Why Option D is Incorrect (Port Mapping):
While valid protocol mapping is necessary for inspection, the specific debug output shown is a direct result of the Inspection Mode (Proxy vs. Flow). The observation of the traffic moving to the application layer is primarily caused by the policy and profile mode settings, making B and C the direct " observations " derived from the log data.
Reference:
FortiGate Troubleshooting (Debug Flow): " If the debug flow shows msg= ' send to application layer ' , it confirms the traffic is being handled by the proxy (WAD) for Proxy-based inspection. "
NEW QUESTION # 138
You configure the overlay tunnels for an SD-WAN hub-and-spoke topology defined with IPsec tunnels, BGP on loopback, and dynamic BGP.
Which two are recommended IPsec settings for this topology? (Choose two answers.)
Answer: A,C
Explanation:
The SD-WAN 7.6 Enterprise Administrator Study Guide identifies the recommended BGP-on-loopback IPsec settings. For branches, it specifies:
* "Static tunnel type (remote end IP address is known)."
* "net-device enable."
Enabling net-device on the spoke creates a kernel interface for the tunnel. This assists with tunnel monitoring and management and is required to support ADVPN shortcut tunnels. Dynamic BGP establishes on-demand BGP peerings between spokes after an ADVPN shortcut is created; therefore, the spoke must support those dynamic shortcut interfaces. This makes option C correct.
The spoke should also configure localid. The FortiOS 7.6 Administrator Study Guide explains: "Local ID: if the peer accepts a specific peer ID, type that same peer ID in this field." The local ID supplies the spoke's IKE identity to the dial-up hub, allowing the hub to identify and authenticate the connecting spoke correctly.
Therefore, option D is correct.
Option A reverses the recommended roles. The hub must use a dynamic tunnel type because it operates as the dial-up server and does not require every spoke's changing public gateway address in advance.
Option B is also incorrect. The guide states: "There is no need to configure any tunnel IP address, so the IKE Mode Config is not used." BGP on loopback uses the loopback address and exchange-interface-ip instead of IKE mode configuration.
References: SD-WAN 7.6 Enterprise Administrator Study Guide, SD-WAN Overlay Design and Best Practices
, pages 118-119 and 122; FortiOS 7.6 Administrator Study Guide, IPsec VPN - Phase 1 Network Settings , page 375; FortiOS 7.6 - BGP on loopback .
NEW QUESTION # 139
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the output of get router info bgp summary.
Which two statements are true? (Choose two.)
Answer: C,D
Explanation:
The get router info bgp summary output lists BGP neighbor status:
Prefix Reception: The " State/PfxRcd " column shows the number of prefixes received from the neighbor- neighbor 100.64.1.254 has " 1 " , confirming option A.
Received Message Count: Under " MsgRcvd " , 18 packets have been received from neighbor 100.64.1.254.
This matches option C.
The second neighbor 100.64.2.254 is in " Active " state and has received/sent 0 packets, indicating that its TCP connection is NOT established, disproving option B.
There is no indication anywhere that the router is " still calculating " prefixes; " Active " just means no session is established, so option D is incorrect.
References:
FortiOS BGP Command Reference: BGP Neighbor States, PfxRcd, and Counters
NEW QUESTION # 140
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