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CWNP CWNA-109 Exam Syllabus Topics:

TopicDetails
Topic 1
  • WLAN Regulations and Standards: The topic discusses the roles of WLAN and networking industry organizations. It also addresses the concepts of various Physical Layer (PHY) solutions, spread spectrum technologies, and 802.11 WLAN functional concepts.
Topic 2
  • WLAN Network Security: It addresses the concepts of weak security options, security mechanisms for enterprise WLANs, and security options and tools used in wireless networks.
Topic 3
  • WLAN Protocols and Devices: It focuses on terminology related to the 802.11 MAC and PHY, the purpose of the three main 802.11 frame types, MAC frame format, and 802.11 channel access methods.
Topic 4
  • RF Validation and WLAN remediation: This topic covers RF interference, WLAN performance, the basic features of validation tools, and common wireless issues.

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CWNP Wireless Network Administrator (CWNA) Sample Questions (Q57-Q62):

NEW QUESTION # 57
The IEEE 802.11-2012 standard requires VHT capable devices to be backward compatible with devices using which other 802.11 physical layer specifications (PHYs)?

Answer: B

Explanation:
OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) is the physical layer specification (PHY) that VHT capable devices must be backward compatible with according to the IEEE 802.11-2012 standard. VHT (Very High Throughput) is a PHY and MAC enhancement that is defined in the IEEE 802.11ac amendment and is also known as Wi-Fi 5. VHT operates only in the 5 GHz band and uses features such as wider channel bandwidths (up to 160 MHz), higher modulation schemes (up to 256-QAM), more spatial streams (up to eight), multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO), beamforming, and VHT PHY and MAC enhancements. VHT can achieve data rates up to 6.9 Gbps.
According to the IEEE 802.11-2012 standard, VHT capable devices must be backward compatible with devices using OFDM PHY, which is defined in the IEEE 802.11a amendment and is also used by IEEE 802.11 g, IEEE 802.11n, and IEEE 802.11h amendments. OFDM operates in both the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands and uses features such as subcarriers, symbols, guard intervals, and OFDM PHY and MAC enhancements. OFDM can achieve data rates up to 54 Mbps.
Backward compatibility means that VHT capable devices can interoperate with OFDM devices on the same network by using common features and parameters that are supported by both PHYs. For example, VHT capable devices can use a channel bandwidth of 20 MHz, a modulation scheme of BPSK, QPSK, or 16-QAM, one spatial stream, no beamforming, and OFDM PHY and MAC headers when communicating with OFDM devices. Backward compatibility also means that VHT capable devices can fall back to OFDM mode when the signal quality or SNR is too low for VHT mode. References: 1, Chapter 3, page 123; 2, Section 3.2


NEW QUESTION # 58
When an ACK frame is not received by the transmitting STA, what is assumed?

Answer: C

Explanation:
An ACK (Acknowledgement) frame is a short control frame that is sent by the receiver of a data or management frame to confirm that the frame was received correctly. The ACK frame is sent after a SIFS (Short Interframe Space) interval, which is the shortest time gap between frames in
802.11. If the transmitter does not receive an ACK frame within a specified time, it assumes that the frame was not delivered and must be retransmitted. This is part of the 802.11 reliability mechanism that ensures reliable data delivery over an unreliable wireless medium.


NEW QUESTION # 59
An RF signal encounters a wall as it propagates from a transmitter to a receiver, and some of the signal passes through the wall while losing strength. What is this behavior known as?

Answer: D

Explanation:
Absorption occurs when an RF signal passes through a material, such as a wall, and some of the energy is converted into another form, typically heat, resulting in a loss of signal strength. The amount of absorption depends on the material's composition and thickness; dense materials like concrete or metal cause significantly more absorption than materials like drywall or glass. This differs from reflection, where the signal bounces off a surface, and refraction, where the signal bends as it passes between materials of different densities.


NEW QUESTION # 60
What 802.11 amendment provides Radio Resource Management (RRM) capabilities, allowing client stations to request neighbor reports from an AP to assist with roaming decisions?

Answer: C

Explanation:
802.11k, also known as Radio Resource Management, allows client stations to request a neighbor report from their currently associated AP, which contains information about nearby APs, including channel and signal information. This helps the client make faster and more informed roaming decisions without needing to perform a full scan of all available channels. 802.11k is often deployed alongside 802.11r for fast, efficient roaming, and 802.11v for network-assisted client steering.


NEW QUESTION # 61
A network administrator notices that an RF signal is bending around the edge of a large obstacle, such as a building, allowing some signal to be received in an area that would otherwise be in an RF shadow. What phenomenon explains this behavior?

Answer: D

Explanation:
Diffraction occurs when an RF wave encounters an obstacle with an irregular or sharp edge, causing the wave to bend around the object. This bending allows some of the signal to reach areas behind the obstruction that would otherwise be blocked, though the signal strength in that shadowed area is typically weaker. Diffraction is more pronounced at lower frequencies, which is one reason 2.4 GHz signals can sometimes propagate around obstacles more effectively than 5 GHz signals.


NEW QUESTION # 62
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