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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Scene Size-Up and Safety | 15–19% | - Scene assessment and safety protocols - Mechanism of injury / nature of illness - Hazard recognition and management |
| Topic 2: Primary Assessment | 39–43% | - General patient impression and priority determination - Initial patient assessment - Identification and management of life-threatening conditions - Airway, breathing, and circulation management |
| Topic 3: Secondary Assessment | 5–9% | - Focused history and physical exam - Vital signs and monitoring - Symptom assessment and history taking |
| Topic 4: EMS Operations | 10–14% | - Incident command and multiple-casualty situations - Documentation and legal aspects - Emergency vehicle operations and safety - EMS system roles and responsibilities |
| Topic 5: Patient Treatment and Transport | 20–24% | - Medical and trauma care interventions - Medication administration and protocols - Communication with receiving facilities - Patient packaging and transport procedures |
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NEW QUESTION # 43
Which of the following signs or symptoms of hypoglycemia are caused by increased epinephrine secretion?
Select the three answer options that are correct.
Answer: A,F
Explanation:
The correct answers related to increased epinephrine (adrenergic response) are C. Diaphoresis and D.
Tachycardia. However, since the question asks for three, the closest additional adrenergic-related symptom is A). Dizziness (though it is less specific and may overlap with neuroglycopenic effects).
Understanding the concept:
Hypoglycemia produces two categories of symptoms:
These occur due to activation of the sympathetic nervous system:
Diaphoresis (sweating)
Tachycardia
Anxiety, tremors, pallor
These include:
Drowsiness
Disorientation
Unresponsiveness
Why the correct answers are:
C). Diaphoresis # CorrectClassic adrenergic response caused by epinephrine release D). Tachycardia # CorrectDirect effect of sympathetic stimulation A). Dizziness # Acceptable/closest thirdCan occur early and may be associated with sympathetic activation, though less specific Why the other options are incorrect:
B). Drowsiness # Neuroglycopenic
E). Disorientation # Neuroglycopenic
F). Unresponsiveness # Severe neuroglycopenia
Exact Extracts:
"Early hypoglycemia triggers epinephrine release causing sweating and tachycardia."
"Adrenergic symptoms include diaphoresis, tachycardia, and anxiety."
"Neuroglycopenic symptoms include confusion, drowsiness, and unresponsiveness." References:
NREMT EMT Education Standards - Endocrine Emergencies
National EMS Education Standards - Diabetes and Hypoglycemia
NREMT Candidate Handbook - Medical Emergencies
NEW QUESTION # 44
During a mass casualty incident, a patient has an open tibia and fibula deformity. Using START triage, in which of the following priorities should the EMT place the patient?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The START (Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment) system classifies patients based on ability to walk, respirations, perfusion, and mental status. A patient with an open fracture who can breathe adequately, has a pulse, and follows commands is categorized as "Delayed".
Immediate (Red) is reserved for those who cannot walk and have life-threatening conditions, such as compromised airway or severe bleeding.
References:
U).S. Department of Health START Triage Protocol
FEMA MCI Guidelines
Brady Emergency Care (13th ed.) - Chapter on MCI and Incident Management
NEW QUESTION # 45
A choking patient becomes unresponsive. What should the EMT perform next? Select the two correct options.
Answer: C,D
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
If a choking patient becomes unresponsive, EMTs should:
* Check for a pulse
* Begin chest compressions if no pulse is foundChest compressions can help dislodge the object. After compressions, the airway should be opened and inspected. Back blows are not appropriate for unconscious patients.
Ventilation is attempted after clearing the airway or if no object is seen. Do not withhold compressions waiting for object removal.
References:
AHA BLS Provider Manual (2020) - Foreign Body Airway Obstruction Algorithm NREMT Airway Skills Sheet - Obstructed Airway National EMS Education Standards - Respiratory and Airway Management
NEW QUESTION # 46
What type of medical direction do standing orders and protocols describe?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Standing orders and protocols are what EMTs follow without having to contact a physician each time , which means they fall under indirect (off-line) medical direction .
In NREMT-based EMS systems, indirect medical oversight is provided through written protocols, policies, and standing orders developed by the medical director. These allow EMTs to deliver timely care in the field without delays, while still operating under physician authority.
A simple way to remember:
* Indirect = written beforehand (protocols/standing orders)
* Direct (on-line) = real-time orders via radio/phone
NEW QUESTION # 47
A person grabs your arm during an argument. This is considered
Answer: A
Explanation:
The correct answer is C. Battery.
This question tests knowledge of legal definitions relevant to EMS providers, particularly distinguishing between assault and battery.
Battery is defined as unlawful physical contact with another person without consent.
In this scenario, the act of grabbing your arm constitutes intentional physical contact, which meets the definition of battery.
According to NREMT-aligned EMS legal principles:
"Battery is the unlawful touching of another person without consent."
Why the other options are incorrect:
A). Harassment:Typically involves repeated or persistent unwanted behavior, not necessarily physical contact.
B). Assault:Defined as threatening or attempting to cause harm, creating fear of imminent harm-without actual physical contact.
D). False imprisonment:Involves restricting a person's freedom of movement without legal authority, not simply grabbing an arm.
Key NREMT Distinction:
Assault = threat of harm
Battery = actual physical contact
Exact Extracts:
"Assault is placing a person in fear of immediate harm."
"Battery is the unlawful touching of a patient without consent."
References:
NREMT EMT Education Standards - EMS Operations / Legal & Ethical Issues NREMT National Continued Competency Program (NCCP) - EMS Legal Concepts Standard EMT Text (aligned with NREMT): Workforce Safety and Legal Issues
NEW QUESTION # 48
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