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Amazon Data-Engineer-Associate Exam Syllabus Topics:

Section	Weight	Objectives
Topic 1: Data Operations and Support	22%	- Monitor data pipelines 1. Amazon CloudWatch 2. AWS CloudTrail 3. Logging and metrics - Manage and troubleshoot data processes 1. Cost optimization 2. Debugging failed jobs 3. Performance tuning - Automate data pipelines 1. Scheduling jobs 2. Event-driven triggers 3. AWS Lambda triggers
Topic 2: Data Store Management	26%	- Design data models 1. Normalization and denormalization 2. Schema design 3. Partitioning and indexing strategies - Choose a data store 1. Data characteristics (structured, semi-structured, unstructured) 2. Data lakes vs. data warehouses 3. Amazon S3, Amazon RDS, Amazon DynamoDB, Amazon Redshift 4. Access and storage patterns - Manage data lifecycle 1. Data retention policies 2. Data archiving 3. Amazon S3 storage classes - Understand data cataloging 1. Schema evolution 2. Data discovery and classification 3. AWS Glue Data Catalog
Topic 3: Data Ingestion and Transformation	34%	- Transform and process data 1. ETL/ELT patterns 2. Data partitioning and compression 3. Data transformation services (AWS Glue, Amazon EMR, AWS Lambda) 4. Batch and stream processing - Orchestrate data pipelines 1. AWS Step Functions 2. Event-driven architectures 3. AWS Glue Workflows 4. Amazon Managed Workflows for Apache Airflow (MWAA) - Apply programming concepts 1. SQL, Python, Scala 2. Version control 3. Infrastructure as Code (IaC) - Perform data ingestion 1. Streaming data ingestion 2. Throughput and latency characteristics for AWS services 3. Replayability of data 4. Batch data ingestion (scheduled ingestion, event-driven ingestion) 5. Data ingestion patterns (frequency and data history)
Topic 4: Data Security and Governance	18%	- Ensure data encryption 1. AWS KMS 2. Encryption at rest and in transit - Implement data quality checks 1. Data validation 2. AWS Glue DataBrew - Manage data privacy and compliance 1. Data masking and tokenization 2. PII data handling 3. AWS Lake Formation permissions - Apply authentication and authorization 1. Service control policies (SCPs) 2. Amazon S3 bucket policies 3. AWS IAM policies and roles

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最新的 AWS Certified Data Engineer Data-Engineer-Associate 免費考試真題 (Q34-Q39):

問題 #34
A company receives a daily file that contains customer data in .xls format. The company stores the file in Amazon S3. The daily file is approximately 2 GB in size.
A data engineer concatenates the column in the file that contains customer first names and the column that contains customer last names. The data engineer needs to determine the number of distinct customers in the file.
Which solution will meet this requirement with the LEAST operational effort?

A. Use AWS Glue DataBrew to create a recipe that uses the COUNT_DISTINCT aggregate function to calculate the number of distinct customers.
B. Create and run an Apache Spark job in an AWS Glue notebook. Configure the job to read the S3 file and calculate the number of distinct customers.
C. Create and run an Apache Spark job in Amazon EMR Serverless to calculate the number of distinct customers.
D. Create an AWS Glue crawler to create an AWS Glue Data Catalog of the S3 file. Run SQL queries from Amazon Athena to calculate the number of distinct customers.

答案：A

解題說明：
AWS Glue DataBrew is a visual data preparation tool that allows you to clean, normalize, and transform data without writing code. You can use DataBrew to create recipes that define the steps to apply to your data, such as filtering, renaming, splitting, or aggregating columns. You can also use DataBrew to run jobs that execute the recipes on your data sources, such as Amazon S3, Amazon Redshift, or Amazon Aurora. DataBrew integrates with AWS Glue Data Catalog, which is a centralized metadata repository for your data assets1.
The solution that meets the requirement with the least operational effort is to use AWS Glue DataBrew to create a recipe that uses the COUNT_DISTINCT aggregate function to calculate the number of distinct customers. This solution has the following advantages:
* It does not require you to write any code, as DataBrew provides a graphical user interface that lets you explore, transform, and visualize your data. You can use DataBrew to concatenate the columns that contain customer first names and last names, and then use the COUNT_DISTINCT aggregate function to count the number of unique values in the resulting column2.
* It does not require you to provision, manage, or scale any servers, clusters, or notebooks, as DataBrew is a fully managed service that handles all the infrastructure for you. DataBrew can automatically scale up or down the compute resources based on the size and complexity of your data and recipes1.
* It does not require you to create or update any AWS Glue Data Catalog entries, as DataBrew can automatically create and register the data sources and targets in the Data Catalog. DataBrew can also use the existing Data Catalog entries to access the data in S3 or other sources3.
Option A is incorrect because it suggests creating and running an Apache Spark job in an AWS Glue notebook. This solution has the following disadvantages:
* It requires you to write code, as AWS Glue notebooks are interactive development environments that allow you to write, test, and debug Apache Spark code using Python or Scala. You need to use the Spark SQL or the Spark DataFrame API to read the S3 file and calculate the number of distinct customers.
* It requires you to provision and manage a development endpoint, which is a serverless Apache Spark environment that you can connect to your notebook. You need to specify the type and number of workers for your development endpoint, and monitor its status and metrics.
* It requires you to create or update the AWS Glue Data Catalog entries for the S3 file, either manually or using a crawler. You need to use the Data Catalog as a metadata store for your Spark job, and specify the database and table names in your code.
Option B is incorrect because it suggests creating an AWS Glue crawler to create an AWS Glue Data Catalog of the S3 file, and running SQL queries from Amazon Athena to calculate the number of distinct customers.
This solution has the following disadvantages:
* It requires you to create and run a crawler, which is a program that connects to your data store, progresses through a prioritized list of classifiers to determine the schema for your data, and then creates metadata tables in the Data Catalog. You need to specify the data store, the IAM role, the schedule, and the output database for your crawler.
* It requires you to write SQL queries, as Amazon Athena is a serverless interactive query service that allows you to analyze data in S3 using standard SQL. You need to use Athena to concatenate the columns that contain customer first names and last names, and then use the COUNT(DISTINCT) aggregate function to count the number of unique values in the resulting column.
Option C is incorrect because it suggests creating and running an Apache Spark job in Amazon EMR Serverless to calculate the number of distinct customers. This solution has the following disadvantages:
* It requires you to write code, as Amazon EMR Serverless is a service that allows you to run Apache Spark jobs on AWS without provisioning or managing any infrastructure. You need to use the Spark SQL or the Spark DataFrame API to read the S3 file and calculate the number of distinct customers.
* It requires you to create and manage an Amazon EMR Serverless cluster, which is a fully managed and scalable Spark environment that runs on AWS Fargate. You need to specify the cluster name, the IAM role, the VPC, and the subnet for your cluster, and monitor its status and metrics.
* It requires you to create or update the AWS Glue Data Catalog entries for the S3 file, either manually or using a crawler. You need to use the Data Catalog as a metadata store for your Spark job, and specify the database and table names in your code.
:
1: AWS Glue DataBrew - Features
2: Working with recipes - AWS Glue DataBrew
3: Working with data sources and data targets - AWS Glue DataBrew
[4]: AWS Glue notebooks - AWS Glue
[5]: Development endpoints - AWS Glue
[6]: Populating the AWS Glue Data Catalog - AWS Glue
[7]: Crawlers - AWS Glue
[8]: Amazon Athena - Features
[9]: Amazon EMR Serverless - Features
[10]: Creating an Amazon EMR Serverless cluster - Amazon EMR
[11]: Using the AWS Glue Data Catalog with Amazon EMR Serverless - Amazon EMR

問題 #35
A company has a production AWS account that runs company workloads. The company's security team created a security AWS account to store and analyze security logs from the production AWS account. The security logs in the production AWS account are stored in Amazon CloudWatch Logs.
The company needs to use Amazon Kinesis Data Streams to deliver the security logs to the security AWS account.
Which solution will meet these requirements?

A. Create a destination data stream in the security AWS account. Create an IAM role and a trust policy to grant CloudWatch Logs the permission to put data into the stream. Create a subscription filter in the production AWS account.
B. Create a destination data stream in the security AWS account. Create an IAM role and a trust policy to grant CloudWatch Logs the permission to put data into the stream. Create a subscription filter in the security AWS account.
C. Create a destination data stream in the production AWS account. In the security AWS account, create an IAM role that has cross-account permissions to Kinesis Data Streams in the production AWS account.
D. Create a destination data stream in the production AWS account. In the production AWS account, create an IAM role that has cross-account permissions to Kinesis Data Streams in the security AWS account.

答案：A

解題說明：
Amazon Kinesis Data Streams is a service that enables you to collect, process, and analyze real-time streaming data. You can use Kinesis Data Streams to ingest data from various sources, such as Amazon CloudWatch Logs, and deliver it to different destinations, such as Amazon S3 or Amazon Redshift. To use Kinesis Data Streams to deliver the security logs from the production AWS account to the security AWS account, you need to create a destination data stream in the security AWS account. This data stream will receive the log data from the CloudWatch Logs service in the production AWS account. To enable this cross-account data delivery, you need to create an IAM role and a trust policy in the security AWS account. The IAM role defines the permissions that the CloudWatch Logs service needs to put data into the destination data stream. The trust policy allows the production AWS account to assume the IAM role. Finally, you need to create a subscription filter in the production AWS account. A subscription filter defines the pattern to match log events and the destination to send the matching events. In this case, the destination is the destination data stream in the security AWS account. This solution meets the requirements of using Kinesis Data Streams to deliver the security logs to the security AWS account. The other options are either not possible or not optimal. You cannot create a destination data stream in the production AWS account, as this would not deliver the data to the security AWS account. You cannot create a subscription filter in the security AWS account, as this would not capture the log events from the production AWS account. Reference:
Using Amazon Kinesis Data Streams with Amazon CloudWatch Logs
AWS Certified Data Engineer - Associate DEA-C01 Complete Study Guide, Chapter 3: Data Ingestion and Transformation, Section 3.3: Amazon Kinesis Data Streams

問題 #36
A data engineer is launching an Amazon EMR duster. The data that the data engineer needs to load into the new cluster is currently in an Amazon S3 bucket. The data engineer needs to ensure that data is encrypted both at rest and in transit.
The data that is in the S3 bucket is encrypted by an AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) key. The data engineer has an Amazon S3 path that has a Privacy Enhanced Mail (PEM) file.
Which solution will meet these requirements?

A. Create an Amazon EMR security configuration. Specify the appropriate AWS KMS key for local disk encryption for the S3 bucket. Specify the Amazon S3 path of the PEM file for in-transit encryption. Use the security configuration during EMR cluster creation.
B. Create an Amazon EMR security configuration. Specify the appropriate AWS KMS key for at-rest encryption for the S3 bucket. Specify the Amazon S3 path of the PEM file for in-transit encryption.
Create the EMR cluster, and attach the security configuration to the cluster.
C. Create an Amazon EMR security configuration. Specify the appropriate AWS KMS key for at-rest encryption for the S3 bucket. Create a second security configuration. Specify the Amazon S3 path of the PEM file for in-transit encryption. Create the EMR cluster, and attach both security configurations to the cluster.
D. Create an Amazon EMR security configuration. Specify the appropriate AWS KMS key for at-rest encryption for the S3 bucket. Specify the Amazon S3 path of the PEM file for in-transit encryption. Use the security configuration during EMR cluster creation.

答案：D

解題說明：
The data engineer needs to ensure that the data in an Amazon EMR cluster is encrypted both at rest and in transit. The data in Amazon S3 is already encrypted using an AWS KMS key. To meet the requirements, the most suitable solution is to create an EMR security configuration that specifies the correct KMS key for at- rest encryption and use the PEM file for in-transit encryption.
Option C: Create an Amazon EMR security configuration. Specify the appropriate AWS KMS key for at-rest encryption for the S3 bucket. Specify the Amazon S3 path of the PEM file for in-transit encryption. Use the security configuration during EMR cluster creation.This option configures encryption for both data at rest (using KMS keys) and data in transit (using the PEM file for SSL/TLS encryption). This approach ensures that data is fully protected during storage and transfer.
Options A, B, and D either involve creating unnecessary additional security configurations or make inaccurate assumptions about the way encryption configurations are attached.
References:
Amazon EMR Security Configuration
Amazon S3 Encryption

問題 #37
A company uses an Amazon QuickSight dashboard to monitor usage of one of the company's applications.
The company uses AWS Glue jobs to process data for the dashboard. The company stores the data in a single Amazon S3 bucket. The company adds new data every day.
A data engineer discovers that dashboard queries are becoming slower over time. The data engineer determines that the root cause of the slowing queries is long-running AWS Glue jobs.
Which actions should the data engineer take to improve the performance of the AWS Glue jobs? (Choose two.)

A. Modify the 1AM role that grants access to AWS glue to grant access to all S3 features.
B. Increase the AWS Glue instance size by scaling up the worker type.
C. Partition the data that is in the S3 bucket. Organize the data by year, month, and day.
D. Convert the AWS Glue schema to the DynamicFrame schema class.
E. Adjust AWS Glue job scheduling frequency so the jobs run half as many times each day.

答案：B,C

解題說明：
Partitioning the data in the S3 bucket can improve the performance of AWS Glue jobs by reducing the amount of data that needs to be scanned and processed. By organizing the data by year, month, and day, the AWS Glue job can use partition pruning to filter out irrelevant data and only read the data that matches the query criteria. This can speed up the data processing and reduce the cost of running the AWS Glue job.
Increasing the AWS Glue instance size by scaling up the worker type can also improve the performance of AWS Glue jobs by providing more memory and CPU resources for the Spark execution engine. This can help the AWS Glue job handle larger data sets and complex transformations more efficiently. The other options are either incorrect or irrelevant, as they do not affect the performance of the AWS Glue jobs. Converting the AWS Glue schema to the DynamicFrame schema class does not improve the performance, but rather provides additional functionality and flexibility for data manipulation. Adjusting the AWS Glue job scheduling frequency does not improve the performance, but rather reduces the frequency of data updates. Modifying the IAM role that grants access to AWS Glue does not improve the performance, but rather affects the security and permissions of the AWS Glue service. References:
* Optimising Glue Scripts for Efficient Data Processing: Part 1 (Section: Partitioning Data in S3)
* Best practices to optimize cost and performance for AWS Glue streaming ETL jobs (Section:
Development tools)
* Monitoring with AWS Glue job run insights (Section: Requirements)
* AWS Certified Data Engineer - Associate DEA-C01 Complete Study Guide (Chapter 5, page 133)

問題 #38
A company uses AWS Glue Data Catalog to index data that is uploaded to an Amazon S3 bucket every day.
The company uses a daily batch processes in an extract, transform, and load (ETL) pipeline to upload data from external sources into the S3 bucket.
The company runs a daily report on the S3 data. Some days, the company runs the report before all the daily data has been uploaded to the S3 bucket. A data engineer must be able to send a message that identifies any incomplete data to an existing Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) topic.
Which solution will meet this requirement with the LEAST operational overhead?

A. Create data quality checks on the source datasets that the daily reports use. Create data quality actions by using AWS Glue workflows to confirm the completeness and consistency of the datasets. Configure the data quality actions to create an event in Amazon EventBridge if a dataset is incomplete. Configure EventBridge to send the event that informs the data engineer about the incomplete datasets to the Amazon SNS topic.
B. Create AWS Lambda functions that run data quality queries on the columns data type and the presence of null values. Orchestrate the ETL pipeline by using an AWS Step Functions workflow that runs the Lambda functions. Configure the Step Functions workflow to send an email notification that informs the data engineer about the incomplete datasets to the SNS topic.
C. Create data quality checks for the source datasets that the daily reports use. Create a new AWS managed Apache Airflow cluster. Run the data quality checks by using Airflow tasks that run data quality queries on the columns data type and the presence of null values. Configure Airflow Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) to send an email notification that informs the data engineer about the incomplete datasets to the SNS topic.
D. Create data quality checks on the source datasets that the daily reports use. Create a new Amazon EMR cluster. Use Apache Spark SQL to create Apache Spark jobs in the EMR cluster that run data quality queries on the columns data type and the presence of null values. Orchestrate the ETL pipeline by using an AWS Step Functions workflow. Configure the workflow to send an email notification that informs the data engineer about the incomplete datasets to the SNS topic.

答案：A

解題說明：
AWS Glue workflows are designed to orchestrate the ETL pipeline, and you can create data quality checks to ensure the uploaded datasets are complete before running reports. If there is an issue with the data, AWS Glue workflows can trigger an Amazon EventBridge event that sends a message to an SNS topic.
* AWS Glue Workflows:
* AWS Glue workflows allow users to automate and monitor complex ETL processes. You can include data quality actions to check for null values, data types, and other consistency checks.
* In the event of incomplete data, an EventBridge event can be generated to notify via SNS.

問題 #39
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