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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Footprinting and Reconnaissance | 7% | - Reconnaissance Countermeasures - DNS, WHOIS, Network Mapping - Reconnaissance Concepts - OSINT Techniques |
| Topic 2: Evading IDS, Firewalls, and Honeypots | 5% | - Honeypot Concepts & Detection - IDS, IPS, Firewall Technologies - Evasion Techniques |
| Topic 3: Vulnerability Analysis | 8% | - Scanning & Analysis Tools - Vulnerability Research & Databases - Vulnerability Assessment Lifecycle - Vulnerability Classification & Scoring |
| Topic 4: Scanning Networks | 8% | - Host & Port Discovery - Network Scanning Basics - Service & OS Fingerprinting - AI-Assisted Scanning - Scanning Countermeasures - Scanning Beyond IDS/Firewall |
| Topic 5: Introduction to Ethical Hacking | 5% | - Cyber Kill Chain & MITRE ATT&CK - Legal and Ethical Compliance - Ethical Hacking Methodology - Information Security Concepts |
| Topic 6: Cryptography | 5% | - Encryption Concepts & Algorithms - Public Key Infrastructure - Cryptography in Practice - Cryptanalysis & Attacks |
| Topic 7: System Hacking | 8% | - Maintaining Access - Clearing Tracks & Logs - Gaining Access: Password Attacks - Privilege Escalation |
| Topic 8: Malware Threats | 7% | - Malware Analysis & Countermeasures - APT & Fileless Malware - Malware Types: Trojans, Viruses, Worms - AI-Powered Malware |
| Topic 9: Cloud Computing | 5% | - Cloud Security Risks - AWS, Azure, GCP Attacks - Cloud Security Best Practices - Cloud Models & Services |
| Topic 10: Session Hijacking | 4% | - Application & Network Level Hijacking - Countermeasures - Hijacking Techniques - Session Hijacking Concepts |
| Topic 11: Enumeration | 7% | - AI-Driven Enumeration - Enumeration Concepts - DNS, SMTP, NFS Enumeration - NetBIOS, SNMP, LDAP Enumeration - Enumeration Countermeasures |
| Topic 12: Wireless Networks | 5% | - Security Best Practices - Wireless Threats & Attacks - Wireless Encryption: WEP, WPA2, WPA3 - Wireless Hacking Tools |
| Topic 13: Mobile Platforms | 4% | - Mobile Device Security - Mobile Attack Vectors - Android & iOS Vulnerabilities |
| Topic 14: Sniffing | 5% | - Sniffing Countermeasures - Sniffing Tools & Techniques - Packet Sniffing Concepts - MITM Attacks |
| Topic 15: IoT & OT Security | 4% | - Attacks on IoT & OT Systems - Security Controls - IoT/OT Architecture & Risks |
| Topic 16: Web Server & Application Attacks | 8% | - API Security Risks - Web Server Vulnerabilities - Web Application Attacks: XSS, CSRF - SQL Injection & Command Injection - Web Security Countermeasures |
| Topic 17: Social Engineering | 6% | - Countermeasures & Awareness - Phishing, Pretexting, Baiting - Social Engineering Concepts - Identity Theft |
| Topic 18: Denial-of-Service | 4% | - Attack Techniques & Botnets - Defense Mechanisms - DoS & DDoS Concepts - DDoS Tools |
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NEW QUESTION # 475
During an internal audit at a financial services firm in Mumbai, ethical hacker Meera was tasked with assessing lateral movement risks within the Windows-based domain environment. While monitoring internal network traffic, she noticed a strange broadcast from a workstation trying to resolve a non-existent host.
Suspecting protocol-level weakness, she responded swiftly using a pre-configured system. A few minutes later, she captured NTLMv2 hashes from several authenticated sessions across multiple departments. Later, her team successfully cracked one of the hashes offline and used the credentials to gain access to a sensitive internal reporting server. Which type of attack did Meera most likely execute?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The correct answer is LLMNR/NBT-NS Poisoning. CEH system hacking coverage explains that when a Windows host cannot resolve a name through normal DNS, it may fall back to Link-Local Multicast Name Resolution or NetBIOS Name Service. An attacker on the local network can answer those broadcasts and falsely claim to be the requested resource. If the victim then attempts authentication, NTLM or NTLMv2 challenge-response data can be captured and later cracked offline. That is exactly what this question describes: a non-existent host lookup, a quick malicious response, capture of NTLMv2 hashes, and later credential cracking. Kerberoasting targets service tickets in Active Directory, not broadcast name resolution.
Pass-the-Ticket involves Kerberos tickets, and Internal Monologue abuse is a different authentication abuse pattern. CEH materials specifically connect LLMNR/NBT-NS poisoning with tools such as Responder and highlight that these protocols can be abused to collect hashes for lateral movement or privilege escalation. The scenario's sequence of name-resolution spoofing followed by hash capture is the defining signature of an LLMNR/NBT-NS poisoning attack.
NEW QUESTION # 476
During the process of encryption and decryption, what keys are shared?
Answer: C
Explanation:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public-key_cryptography
Public-key cryptography, or asymmetric cryptography, is a cryptographic system that uses pairs of keys: p ublic keys (which may be known to others), and private keys (which may never be known by any except the owner). The generation of such key pairs depends on cryptographic algorithms which are based on mathematical problems termed one-way functions. Effective security requires keeping the private key private; the public key can be openly distributed without compromising security.
In such a system, any person can encrypt a message using the intended receiver's public key, but that encrypted message can only be decrypted with the receiver's private key. This allows, for instance, a server program to generate a cryptographic key intended for a suitable symmetric-key cryptography, then to use a client's openly-shared public key to encrypt that newly generated symmetric key. The server can then send this encrypted symmetric key over an insecure channel to the client; only the client can decrypt it using the client's private key (which pairs with the public key used by the server to encrypt the message). With the client and server both having the same symmetric key, they can safely use symmetric key encryption (likely much faster) to communicate over otherwise-insecure channels. This scheme has the advantage of not having to manually pre-share symmetric keys (a fundamentally difficult problem) while gaining the higher data throughput advantage of symmetric-key cryptography.
With public-key cryptography, robust authentication is also possible. A sender can combine a message with a private key to create a short digital signature on the message. Anyone with the sender's corresponding public key can combine that message with a claimed digital signature; if the signature matches the message, the origin of the message is verified (i.e., it must have been made by the owner of the corresponding private key).
Public key algorithms are fundamental security primitives in modern cryptosystems, including applications and protocols which offer assurance of the confidentiality, authenticity and non-repudiability of electronic communications and data storage. They underpin numerous Internet standards, such as Transport Layer Security (TLS), S/MIME, PGP, and GPG. Some public key algorithms provide key distribution and secrecy (e.
g., Diffie-Hellman key exchange), some provide digital signatures (e.g., Digital Signature Algorithm), and some provide both (e.g., RSA). Compared to symmetric encryption, asymmetric encryption is rather slower than good symmetric encryption, too slow for many purposes. Today's cryptosystems (such as TLS, Secure Shell) use both symmetric encryption and asymmetric encryption.
NEW QUESTION # 477
The collection of potentially actionable, overt, and publicly available information is known as
Answer: D
Explanation:
Open-source intelligence (OSINT) refers to the process of collecting and analyzing information from publicly available sources. This can include social media, websites, press releases, job boards, government databases, and more.
OSINT is a crucial part of the reconnaissance phase in ethical hacking and penetration testing, where attackers or analysts gather intel without directly interacting with the target system.
Reference - CEH v13 Official Study Guide:
Module 2: Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Quote:
"OSINT is derived from public sources and includes blogs, websites, public records, and social networks. It helps attackers or analysts understand the target's digital footprint." Incorrect Options Explained:
B). "Real intelligence" is not a cybersecurity term.
C). Social intelligence refers to interpersonal awareness, not cyber reconnaissance.
D). Human intelligence (HUMINT) involves person-to-person intel, not publicly available data.
=
NEW QUESTION # 478
A financial institution in Chicago deploys an internal HTTPS-based customer portal that uses response compression to optimize bandwidth. During an authorized security assessment, a tester gains a vantage point along the communication path between internal clients and the gateway device.
By repeatedly initiating controlled requests and analyzing subtle differences in encrypted response sizes, the tester correlates variations in compressed output with specific input patterns. Over time, this analysis enables extraction of portions of a protected authentication value transmitted within the secure channel.
Which session hijacking technique best describes this activity?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The correct answer is B. CRIME Attack.
The scenario describes a compression-based side-channel attack against encrypted HTTPS traffic. The attacker observes differences in compressed response sizes and uses those differences to infer protected authentication values, such as cookies or session tokens.
CRIME, or Compression Ratio Info-leak Made Easy, abuses TLS/SPDY-level compression behavior. When attacker-controlled input is compressed together with secret values, response-size differences can reveal information about the secret. The CEH cryptography/session-hijacking context discusses attacks against SSL
/TLS and secure communications, including man-in-the-middle positioning and cryptographic weaknesses affecting encrypted channels .
Option A. Forbidden Attack is incorrect because it is not the recognized compression side-channel attack described.
Option C. Man-in-the-Browser (MITB) Attack is incorrect because MITB requires malware inside the browser to intercept or modify browser transactions.
Option D. Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) Attack describes the attacker's position, but not the specific compression-based technique.
Option B. CRIME Attack is correct because the attack extracts secrets by analyzing compressed encrypted response sizes.
Therefore, the best answer is B. CRIME Attack.
NEW QUESTION # 479
An organization uses Active Directory with Kerberos authentication. During internal enumeration, a tester identifies several service accounts that have Service Principal Names (SPNs) assigned.
Which attack technique attempts to obtain encrypted service tickets for offline password cracking?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Kerberoasting requests Kerberos service tickets for accounts associated with SPNs. These tickets are encrypted using the service account's password-derived key and can be cracked offline if weak passwords are used. Pass-the-Hash reuses NTLM hashes, Golden Tickets involve forged TGTs, and AS-REP Roasting targets accounts that do not require Kerberos preauthentication.
NEW QUESTION # 480
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