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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Troubleshooting | 30% | - Cluster component troubleshooting - Application and networking debugging |
| Topic 2: Workloads & Scheduling | 15% | - Deployments and rolling updates - Scheduling constraints - ConfigMaps and Secrets |
| Topic 3: Storage | 10% | - Storage classes - PersistentVolumes and PersistentVolumeClaims |
| Topic 4: Services & Networking | 20% | - Ingress configuration - Network policies - Services (ClusterIP, NodePort, LoadBalancer) |
| Topic 5: Cluster Architecture, Installation & Configuration | 25% | - Cluster installation and configuration - Kubernetes architecture components - High availability setup |
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NEW QUESTION # 50
You have a Kubernetes cluster running with several pods, each exposed via a 'Service' of type LoadBalance. However, you notice some pods are randomly unreachable from external clients, despite appearing healthy in the cluster. You suspect this could be a network issue within the cluster. Describe the steps you would take to diagnose and troubleshoot this issue, focusing on network-related aspects of Kubernetes.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Verify Service Configuration:
- Use 'kubectl describe service ' to examine the service definition.
- Check if the 'externallPs are correctly configured and match the IPs assigned by your cloud provider.
- Ensure that the 'selector' in the service matches the labels on the pods you're trying to access.
2. Check Pod Connectivity:
- Use 'kubectl exec -it bash' to get a shell within one of the pods.
- Run 'ping ' to test connectivity from within the pod to the external IP of the service.
- If ping fails, it indicates that the pod can't reach the service's external IP.
3. Examine Network Policies:
- Check if any 'NetworkPolicy' rules are blocking traffic to or from the pods in question.
- Use 'kubectl get networkpolicies' and 'kubectl describe networkpolicy to list and examine policies.
4. Inspect Network Resources:
- Use "kubectl get nodes' to check the status of the nodes. Look for any node-level networking problems or errors.
- Examine network resource usage (e.g., bandwidth, CPU) on the nodes using tools like 'kubectl top nodes'.
5. Analyze Cluster Events:
- Check the Kubernetes event logs using 'kubectl get events'. Look for events related to networking issues, pod restarts, or other relevant events.
6. Inspect Network Connectivity (Node-Level):
- If the issue seems to originate within the cluster, use tools like 'ping' or 'traceroute' from within a node to test connectivity between nodes and/or to external services.
7. Verify Load Balancer Health:
- If using a cloud provider's load balancer, check its health status and logs. Ensure it's correctly forwarding traffic to the back-end pods.
8. Check Firewall Rules:
- Ensure that there are no external firewall rules blocking traffic to the Kubernetes cluster or specific ports used by the services.
9. Consider Network Plugin Configuration:
- Review the configuration of the network plugin used in your cluster (e.g., Calico, Flannel). Potential issues in the plugin's configuration might cause connectivity problems.
Example Scenario: Imagine you have a NodePort service 'my-service' exposing a web server. The service is configured to forward traffic to pods labeled 'app=web'. You're able to access the service from within the cluster but encounter random disconnections from external clients. Troubleshooting Steps:
1 . Verify the service definition to ensure 'externallPs' are correctly assigned and 'selector' matches pod label
2. 'kubectl exec -it bash' to ping the service's 'externallP'. If unsuccessful, proceed to step 3.
3. Check if any NetworkPolicies are blocking traffic to the 'web' pods.
4. Verify the health status of all nodes in the cluster.
5. Examine cluster events for any networking-related errors.
6. Use ping' and 'traceroute' from a node to test connectivity to the external service.
7. Check the health of the load balancer if it's being used.
8. Ensure no external firewall rules block traffic to the service's ports.
9. Inspect the configuration of the network plugin in your cluster for any potential issues.
NEW QUESTION # 51
Create a pod named kucc8 with a single app container for each of the
following images running inside (there may be between 1 and 4 images specified):
nginx + redis + memcached.
Answer:
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION # 52
Score: 4%
Context
You have been asked to create a new ClusterRole for a deployment pipeline and bind it to a specific ServiceAccount scoped to a specific namespace.
Task
Create a new ClusterRole named deployment-clusterrole, which only allows to create the following resource types:
* Deployment
* StatefulSet
* DaemonSet
Create a new ServiceAccount named cicd-token in the existing namespace app-team1.
Bind the new ClusterRole deployment-clusterrole lo the new ServiceAccount cicd-token , limited to the namespace app-team1.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below.
Explanation
Solution:
Task should be complete on node -1 master, 2 worker for this connect use command
[student@node-1] > ssh k8s
kubectl create clusterrole deployment-clusterrole --verb=create
--resource=deployments,statefulsets,daemonsets
kubectl create serviceaccount cicd-token --namespace=app-team1
kubectl create rolebinding deployment-clusterrole --clusterrole=deployment-clusterrole
--serviceaccount=default:cicd-token --namespace=app-team1
NEW QUESTION # 53
Create a redis pod, and have it use a non-persistent storage
(volume that lasts for the lifetime of the Pod)
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 54
Create and configure the servicefront-end-serviceso it's accessiblethroughNodePortand routes to theexisting pod namedfront-end.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below.
Explanation
solution
NEW QUESTION # 55
......
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