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CIPS L4M2 Exam Syllabus Topics:

SectionWeightObjectives
Topic 1: Legal and regulatory considerations10-15%- Sustainability and ethical requirements
  • 1. Environmental, social, ethical criteria
- Legislation affecting requirements definition
  • 1. Procurement regulations, competition law, standards
Topic 2: Use specifications in procurement and supply20-25%- Advantages and limitations of specification types
  • 1. Risk, cost, flexibility, supplier innovation impact
- Sources for developing specifications
  • 1. Internal stakeholders, technical experts, standards bodies
  • 2. Suppliers, industry benchmarks, regulatory requirements
- Types of specifications
  • 1. Drawings, samples, brands, technical standards
  • 2. Output/outcome-based specifications
  • 3. Conformance vs performance specifications
Topic 3: Stakeholder management in defining needs15-20%- Align needs with organisational objectives
  • 1. Strategic alignment and value contribution
- Communicate and consult with stakeholders
  • 1. Methods for gathering requirements
  • 2. Resolving conflicting requirements
- Identify and classify stakeholders
  • 1. Power/interest matrix and engagement strategies
  • 2. Internal vs external stakeholders
Topic 4: Market management in procurement and supply20-25%- Evaluate market information sources
  • 1. Industry reports, government data, trade journals
  • 2. Supplier intelligence and market research
- Assess market forces and trends
  • 1. Technological, legal, economic, social factors
  • 2. Supply and demand dynamics
  • 3. Global vs local market conditions
- Analyse market structures and competition
  • 1. Perfect competition, monopoly, oligopoly, monopolistic competition
  • 2. Impact of market structure on procurement strategies
Topic 5: Devise a business case for requirements sourced externally20-25%- Estimate costs and prices for procurement activities
  • 1. Cost estimation and budgeting methods
  • 2. Total cost of ownership / whole life costing
  • 3. Market data sources for cost/price information
  • 4. Direct and indirect costs
- Interpret financial budgets for purchase control
  • 1. Cash flow and cost entries
  • 2. Purpose and structure of budgets
  • 3. Budget performance and variance management
- Criteria for creating business cases
  • 1. Costs, benefits, options, alignment, timescales
  • 2. Benchmarking requirements
- Influence of business needs on procurement decisions
  • 1. Types of purchase: new, modified rebuy, straight re-buy
  • 2. Procurement's role in developing business cases
  • 3. Impact of business needs on purchase types

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CIPS Defining Business Needs Sample Questions (Q318-Q323):

NEW QUESTION # 318
To improve the productivity, Plantation Ltd is planning to purchase a tractor, which it has never bought before. The project must be quick to catch up with the next growing season. Leanne, a jun-ior procurement staff at the company, assumes that she could skip market analysis stage to save time. Is this assumption reasonable?

Answer: A

Explanation:
Market analysis is a stage in CIPS Procurement and Supply Cycle. This stage informs the purchaser about the number of suppliers, the average pricing, and product trends. Even urgent purchase should undergo market analysis. Without undertaking this stage, the buying organisation may not purchase the right product, or they may purchase at higher price.


NEW QUESTION # 319
Buyers are more powerful than the supplier when they are purchasing from monopoly market. Is this statement true?

Answer: A

Explanation:
A monopoly is a market with a single seller (called the monopolist) but with many buyers. In this market, the bargaining power of supplier is higher than of buyer since the supplier is the only seller.
Reference:
- CIPS study guide page 88-92
- Bargaining Power of Suppliers - Factors that Give Suppliers Power (corporatefinanceinsti-tute.com)
- Monopoly - Understanding How Monopolies Impact Markets (corporatefinanceinstitute.com) LO 2, AC 2.2


NEW QUESTION # 320
Warwickshire Ambulance Service (WAS) is an NHS Trust. It operates throughout Warwickshire and the neighbouring areas. It has three core areas of activity, namely the provision of Emergency Ambulance Services, routine Patient Transport Services, and Logistic Medical Services. The agency is working towards higher service level through benchmarking. Which of the following is the benefit of benchmarking to WAS?

Answer: A

Explanation:
Benchmarking is ' the pursuit by organisations of enhanced performance by learning from the suc-cessful practices of others. Benchmarking is a continuous activity; key internal processes are adjusted, performance is monitored, new comparisons are made with the current best performers and further changes are explored.
Where information about these key processes is obtained through a co-operative partnership with specific organisations (rather than via a third party such as an independently-maintained database), there is an expectation of mutual benefit over a period of time.
Text Description automatically generated
Graphical user interface, text, application, email Description automatically generated Reference:
- The Department of Navy Benchmarking Handbook: A system view
- CIPS study guide page 49-51
LO 1, AC 1.3


NEW QUESTION # 321
When a procurement manager considers a substitution, the number and nature of additional func-tions that substitute provides should be taken into account carefully. Which of the following ratio could help the procurement manager to make the right decision?

Answer: C

Explanation:
One product substitutes for another if it offers buyers an inducement to switch that exceeds the cost or overcomes the resistance to doing so. A substitute offers an inducement to switch if the substitute provides the buyer with more value relative to its price than the product currently being used. There is always some cost of switching to a substitute because of the disruption and potential reconfiguration of buyer activities that must result, however. The threat of a substitute will vary depending on the size of the inducement relative to the required switching costs.
In addition to relative value to price and switching cost, the pattern of substitution is influenced by what I term the buyer's propensity to switch. Faced with equivalent economic inducements for substitution, different buyers will often evaluate substitution differently. The threat of substitution, then, is a function of three factors:
* The relative value/ price of a substitute compared to an industry's product
* The cost of switching to the substitute
* The buyer's propensity to switch
Porter, Michael E.. Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance (p. 278). Free Press. Kindle Edition.
The price-to-book ratio compares a company's market value to its book value. The market value of a company is its share price multiplied by the number of outstanding shares. The book value is the net assets of a company.
The price-to-earnings ratio (P/E ratio) is the ratio for valuing a company that measures its current share price relative to its earnings per share (EPS). The price-to-earnings ratio is also sometimes known as the price multiple or the earnings multiple.
The reserve ratio is the portion of reservable liabilities that commercial banks must hold onto, rather than lend out or invest. This is a requirement determined by the country's central bank, which in the United States is the Federal Reserve. It is also known as the cash reserve ratio.
LO 2, AC 2.2


NEW QUESTION # 322
XYZ Ltd is a large supermarket chain which operates mainly in the UK and Europe. Their custom-ers are increasingly concerned about sustainability. Therefore, procurement manager is required to source the products from suppliers who have good environmental performance. Which of the fol-lowing can be an assurance that the supplier has procedures and policies to enhance its environmental performance?

Answer: C

Explanation:
ISO 9001:2015 specifies requirements for a quality management system.
ISO 14001:2015 specifies the requirements for an environmental management system that an or-ganization can use to enhance its environmental performance. ISO 14001:2015 is intended for use by an organization seeking to manage its environmental responsibilities in a systematic manner that contributes to the environmental pillar of sustainability.
ISO 22716:2007 gives guidelines for the production, control, storage and shipment of cosmetic products.
These guidelines cover the quality aspects of the product, but as a whole do not cover safety aspects for the personnel engaged in the plant, nor do they cover aspects of protection of the environment.
ISO 13485:2016 specifies requirements for a quality management system where an organization needs to demonstrate its ability to provide medical devices and related services that consistently meet customer and applicable regulatory requirements.


NEW QUESTION # 323
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