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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Introduction and Objectives for Test Automation | 5% | - Risks and Benefits of Test Automation - Purpose of Test Automation - Success Factors for Test Automation |
| Preparation for Test Automation | 15% | - Test Automation Tool Evaluation and Selection - SUT Analysis for Test Automation - Rollout and Deployment Considerations - Design for Testability and Automation - Test Automation Architecture Design |
| Transitioning from Manual to Automated Testing | 15% | - Maintaining Automation Consistency - Automation Migration Strategies - Criteria for Manual vs. Automated Testing |
| Test Automation Validation | 15% | - Test Automation Assessment Metrics - Root Cause Analysis - Test Automation Verification |
| Execution and Implementation of Test Automation | 35% | - Verifying Test Automation Solutions - Developing Test Automation Solutions - Designing Test Automation Solutions - Building Robust Automated Test Suites - Logging and Reporting Strategies - Implementing Test Automation Solutions |
| Test Automation Strategy and Roadmap | 15% | - Test Automation Maintenance - Test Automation Governance - Test Automation Integration with CI/CD - Test Automation Planning |
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질문 # 72
Which of the following layers within the TAA contains technology-specific implementations that enable automated tests to have the execution of their logical actions result in actual interaction with the appropriate interfaces of the SUT?
정답：A
설명：
TAE describes layered automation architectures where higher layers express intent and test logic, while lower layers handle concrete interaction with specific technologies and interfaces. The test adaptation layer is the layer that "adapts" abstract test actions to the real SUT interaction mechanisms. It typically contains technology-specific adapters, drivers, wrappers, or connectors (e.g., browser drivers, mobile automation bridges, API clients, message-bus connectors, database utilities) that translate logical operations like "click login," "submit order," or "query customer" into the correct low-level calls for the target interface. This is where the details of protocols, locator strategies, synchronization primitives, data access methods, and tool- specific APIs live, shielding higher layers from churn when technologies change. The test execution layer is responsible for orchestrating execution (running suites, scheduling, collecting results, reporting), but not primarily for implementing the technology-specific SUT interaction itself. The test definition layer focuses on how tests are specified (scripts, keywords, models, data), and the test generation layer concerns deriving tests (e.g., model-based generation). Therefore, the layer containing technology-specific implementations enabling actual interaction with SUT interfaces is the test adaptation layer.
질문 # 73
Automated tests at the UI level for a web app adopt an asynchronous waiting mechanism that allows them to synchronize test steps with the app, so that they are executed correctly and at the right time, only when the app is ready and has processed the previous step: this is done when there are no timeouts or pending asynchronous requests. In this way, the tests automatically synchronize with the app's web pages. The same initialization tasks to set test preconditions are implemented as test steps for all tests. Regarding the pre- processing (Setup) features defined at the test suite level, the TAS provides both a Suite Setup (which runs exactly once when the suite starts) and a Test Setup (which runs at the start of each test case in the suite).
Which of the following recommendations would you provide for improving the TAS (assuming it is possible to perform all of them)?
정답：C
설명：
TAE strongly discourages replacing robust, app-aware synchronization with manual waits. Automatic synchronization based on application readiness signals (e.g., no pending async requests) reduces flakiness and unnecessary delays. Hard-coded waits (A) are brittle and slow; polling waits (C) can be better than fixed sleeps but are still generally inferior to event/readiness-based synchronization already in place. The improvement opportunity described is that the same initialization steps are repeated in every test as explicit test steps, which increases test script length, duplication, and maintenance effort. TAE recommends centralizing common setup logic using framework setup/teardown mechanisms to enforce consistency and reduce duplication. Since the initialization tasks are needed to set preconditions for each test (so each test starts from a known state and remains independent), they belong in the Test Setup, which runs before each test case. Putting them in Suite Setup (D) would run them only once, risking that later tests inherit polluted state, making tests interdependent and more brittle. Therefore, moving shared per-test initialization tasks into the Test Setup is the best recommendation.
질문 # 74
You work for a company that produces a credit-checking software package. This product comes in three variants, each of which is tailored to meet the rules and attitudes of lending and borrowing money for a particular group of countries. Each variant has two different versions at any one time: the current live release and the next release, which is under development. Each variant has its own test environment; these environments are built on different platforms to reflect the diversity of real customer platforms.
A single TAS meets the automation needs of all three variants, with configurable features that allow for the platform differences. The SUT's test requirements are expanding rapidly and the TAS often needs enhancement to support this. The SUT's platforms are also changeable, due to updates from their vendors or a desire to sample different ones.
After any change, the TAS is re-installed from a central repository with automated scripts that implement the configuration parameters for the target environment. Following this, it has often been impossible to run tests properly or even at all and the installation has had to be repeated after the cause has been found. Which of the following actions is MOST likely to solve this issue?
정답：D
설명：
The key problem occurs after the TAS has been installed into changing target environments. The syllabus specifically recommends administering checks and preconditions after installation and before using the SUT to ensure connectivity with internal systems, external systems, and interfaces. Examples include verifying that automation tools can access the SUT, checking configuration settings, validating permissions, and confirming required interfaces. These checks establish that the TAS has actually been installed and configured correctly in the particular environment. The scenario already uses automated installation from a central repository, so option B adds little. Configuration management and documentation are valuable for reproducibility, but they do not directly detect environment-specific connectivity or interoperability failures immediately after deployment. Testing components before installation likewise cannot fully validate their behavior in the actual target platform. Therefore, post-installation connectivity checks are the most direct solution.
(https://www.istqb.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/ISTQB_CTAL-TAE_Syllabus_v2.0.pdf)
질문 # 75
An automated test script makes a well-formed request to a REST API in the backend of a web app to add a single item for a product (with ID = 710) to the cart and expects a response confirming that the product is successfully added. The status line of the API response is HTTP/1.1 200 OK, while the response body indicates that the product is out of stock. The API response is correct, the test script fails but completes, and the message to log is: The product with ID = 710 is out of stock. Cart not updated. When this occurs, you are already aware that both the failed test and the API are behaving correctly and that the problem is in the test data. The TAS supports the following test logging levels: FATAL, ERROR, WARN, INFO, DEBUG. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate test logging level to use to log the specified message?
정답：B
설명：
TAE logging guidance focuses on making logs actionable while reflecting severity and intent. Here, the test failed due to an expected, non-system fault condition: the product is out of stock, which is a valid business- state response and confirms the API behaved correctly. The issue is that the test data (product availability) did not satisfy the test's precondition. This is not a fatal condition (FATAL) because execution continues and the overall system is not unusable. It is not best treated as ERROR either (not offered as an option here) because an error-level message usually indicates a defect, malfunction, or unexpected failure needing immediate engineering attention. INFO would be too low because it may be lost among normal run messages and does not adequately flag that the test outcome is affected by a precondition violation requiring action (e.g., reseeding data, choosing a different product ID). DEBUG is typically reserved for highly detailed diagnostic traces intended for deeper troubleshooting, not for highlighting a test-data problem affecting test validity.
WARN is intended for abnormal or noteworthy conditions that do not indicate a product defect but may require attention to maintain test reliability. Therefore, WARN is the most appropriate level.
질문 # 76
Consider a TAS implemented to perform automated testing on native mobile apps at the UI level, where the TAF implements a client-server architecture. The client runs on-premise and allows creation of automated test scripts using TAF libraries to recognize and interact with the app's UI objects. The server runs in the cloud as part of a PaaS service, receiving commands from the client, translating them into actions for the mobile device, and sending the results to the client. The cloud platform hosts several mobile devices dedicated for use by this TAS. The device on which to run test scripts/test suites is specified at run time. You are currently verifying whether the test automation environment and all other TAS/TAF components work correctly. Which of the following activities would you perform to achieve your goal?
정답：B
설명：
The task is to verify the test automation environment and TAS/TAF components, not to validate the correctness of specific test suites. In a client-server TAF for mobile automation, a critical component is the automation library layer that exposes functions to locate and interact with UI objects, and that communicates with the cloud server/device farm. TAE guidance highlights that environment verification should focus on ensuring that the automation tooling stack can reliably perform its fundamental operations: connect to the execution infrastructure, select target devices at runtime, execute commands, and receive results. Checking that the TAF libraries correctly recognize and interact with widgets directly validates that the end-to-end automation mechanism (client # server # device # response) is functioning. Option A is not appropriate because the server is on PaaS; infrastructure management is typically handled by the provider and is not part of validating your TAS operation. Option B is incorrect because the scenario states the device is specified at run time, so hard-coding device references is not the expected design and is not the right verification focus.
Option D concerns test suite correctness (expected results), which is a later step after confirming the automation environment works. Therefore, verifying that the TAF libraries function as expected is the correct activity.
질문 # 77
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