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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| AI Life Cycle Risk Management | - AI model and data risk identification - AI development, deployment, and monitoring risks - AI bias, drift, transparency, and control evaluation | |
| AI Risk Governance and Framework Integration | 37% | - AI Ownership, Oversight, and Accountability - AI Organizational Processes and Alignment - AI Models, Frameworks, Strategies, and Use Cases |
| AI Risk Program Management | 42% | - Enterprise AI risk program design - AI risk assessment and treatment strategies - AI governance communication and reporting - AI risk monitoring and continuous improvement |
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問題 #76
A credit-scoring AI solution exhibits steadily declining accuracy despite unchanged input distributions.
Which of the following should a risk practitioner consider to be the GREATEST risk?
答案:C
解題說明:
When an AI model's accuracy declines despite stable input distributions, the most likely cause is concept drift-where the underlying relationship between inputs and the target variable changes over time. In credit scoring, this may occur when economic conditions, consumer behavior, or risk patterns shift in ways not captured in the original training data.
Why C is Correct: The ISACA AAIR model drift guidance identifies concept drift as the greatest risk in this scenario because it means the model is making credit decisions based on relationships that no longer hold in the current environment. Faulty credit decisions can lead to incorrect denials of creditworthy applicants, incorrect approvals of high-risk applicants, regulatory violations, financial losses, and harm to individuals- all high-severity consequences for a credit-scoring application.
Why A is Wrong: Technical delays in credit score updates are an operational performance concern. Delays create business friction but do not cause the fundamental accuracy problem described in the scenario.
Why B is Wrong: Underfitting from shortened training cycles is a model development quality issue. The scenario specifies stable input distributions and declining accuracy-characteristic of drift, not underfitting, which would manifest differently.
Why D is Wrong: Increased retraining costs represent a financial efficiency concern. While budgetary impacts are real, they are secondary to the risk of faulty credit decisions affecting individuals and regulatory compliance.
問題 #77
Which of the following is the MOST important consideration when managing changes to an AI model in production?
答案:C
解題說明:
Changes to production AI models-including retraining, parameter updates, and architecture modifications- can alter model behavior in ways that introduce new biases, reduce accuracy, or create regulatory compliance issues. Validation before deploying changes is the most critical safeguard.
Why C is Correct: According to ISACA AAIR change management guidance for AI systems, rigorous validation to assess changes' effects on predictive accuracy and model bias is the most important change management activity. Production AI models make real-world decisions affecting people and business outcomes. Unvalidated changes may degrade performance, introduce discriminatory patterns, or create regulatory violations that are difficult to detect and remediate after deployment.
Why A is Wrong: Allowing operational teams to adjust configuration parameters in real time bypasses change control processes and creates untracked, unvalidated changes to model behavior. This represents a governance risk, not an acceptable change management practice.
Why B is Wrong: Access controls for new model functionalities are a security and authorization concern.
While important for access governance, they do not address the technical risk that model changes may degrade performance or introduce bias.
Why D is Wrong: Expediting production rollouts to minimize downtime prioritizes availability over quality assurance. Rushing changes without adequate validation trades one operational risk (downtime) for a potentially more severe risk (biased or inaccurate outputs affecting critical decisions).
問題 #78
Which of the following should be the PRIMARY consideration when determining the priority for restoration of AI systems following a model exfiltration attack?
答案:B
解題說明:
Following a model exfiltration attack, multiple AI systems may require restoration. Prioritization must be based on objective criteria that reflect the potential business impact of continued unavailability. Systems supporting critical business functions must be restored before those supporting non-critical functions.
Why A is Correct: According to ISACA AAIR business continuity guidance for AI, the primary criterion for restoration priority is the AI system's criticality to business requirements. Systems that support mission- critical functions-patient care, financial transaction processing, safety operations-represent the highest restoration priority because their unavailability causes the greatest operational harm. This risk-based prioritization framework is consistent with standard business continuity management principles applied to the AI context.
Why B is Wrong: Team member expertise affects restoration capacity and speed but should not drive prioritization decisions. Priority is determined by business impact, not by where the team has the most technical capability. Resource allocation follows priority, not the reverse.
Why C is Wrong: Vulnerability testing and patch costs are operational considerations that may influence restoration timelines but should not override business criticality in determining priority. Cost-based prioritization could lead to restoring cheaper but less critical systems first.
Why D is Wrong: Dataset availability affects the feasibility and timeline of model retraining but is a logistical consideration rather than the primary basis for restoration priority. Critical systems should be prioritized even if their restoration is technically more complex.
問題 #79
Which of the following is the GREATEST concern when AI risk management operates separately from enterprise risk management (ERM)?
答案:D
解題說明:
Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) provides the strategic framework within which all organizational risks- including AI risks-should be managed. When AI risk management operates in isolation, it loses connection to enterprise strategy, risk appetite, and cross-functional control objectives.
Why A is Correct: The ISACA AAIR curriculum identifies strategic control alignment as a foundational ERM integration requirement. When AI risk operates independently, controls may conflict with or duplicate enterprise controls, risk appetite thresholds may differ, and AI risks cannot be aggregated or prioritized alongside other organizational risks. This misalignment creates blind spots at the enterprise level and undermines coherent strategic risk management.
Why B is Wrong: Inconsistent regulatory reporting is a compliance concern but is a downstream consequence of poor governance rather than the greatest organizational risk from separation. Regulatory gaps can often be patched operationally without full integration.
Why C is Wrong: Training cost increases represent a financial efficiency concern unrelated to the governance challenge of separate risk management functions. ROI impacts are not driven by organizational structure of risk management.
Why D is Wrong: Redundant documentation is an operational inefficiency, not a strategic risk. Duplicated records are wasteful but do not threaten organizational strategy or expose the enterprise to unmanaged risk.
問題 #80
An organization plans to procure an AI model from a third-party supplier for a critical business function.
Which of the following is MOST important to evaluate during supplier vetting?
答案:B
解題說明:
AI model procurement for critical business functions requires that the selected model be fit for purpose. An AI model that does not align with the specific use case creates performance, compliance, and risk management failures regardless of its technical sophistication.
Why A is Correct: ISACA AAIR procurement guidance emphasizes use case alignment as the primary vetting criterion. A model optimized for one domain may perform poorly, introduce bias, or generate inaccurate outputs in a different context. For critical business functions, misalignment directly translates to operational risk, decision errors, and potential harm. Use case fit determines whether all other evaluation criteria are even relevant.
Why B is Wrong: Dataset size is a technical characteristic that may indicate breadth of training but does not determine suitability for a specific use case. A large general-purpose dataset may be less relevant than a smaller, domain-specific one.
Why C is Wrong: Industry certifications validate security controls and quality management processes. While useful supplementary evidence, they do not confirm that a model performs appropriately for the organization's specific application.
Why D is Wrong: Emphasis on innovation reflects vendor marketing positioning. For critical business functions, proven suitability and alignment with use cases outweighs novelty or innovation claims.
問題 #81
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