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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Airway, Respiration & Ventilation | - Airway management
|
| Topic 2: Medical, Obstetrics & Pediatrics | - Medical emergencies
|
| Topic 3: Cardiology & Resuscitation | - Cardiac emergencies
|
| Topic 4: Trauma | - Traumatic injuries
|
| Topic 5: EMS Operations | - Operational procedures
|
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NEW QUESTION # 108
A 31-year-old patient has an open femur fracture and an unstable pelvis after falling 15 feet. They are conscious and responsive to verbal stimuli. The vital signs are BP 86/42, P 136, R 24, and SpO# 92% on room air. The patient has which of the following types of shock? Select the two correct options.
Answer: C,D
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
This is a classic presentation ofhypovolemic shockdue to traumaticblood loss(open femur fracture, pelvic instability). Indicators include:
* Low BP (86/42)= hypotension
* High pulse (P 136)= compensation
* Mental status decline (responsive only to voice)= indicatesdecompensatedshock Obstructive and distributive shock are not applicable. Compensated shock would shownormal BPandalert mental status.
References:
NREMT Shock Management and Trauma Guidelines
National EMS Education Standards - Hemorrhagic and Non-Hemorrhagic Shock AAOS EMT Textbook - Chapter: Types of Shock
NEW QUESTION # 109
Which of the following is an example of secondary prevention?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation (Based on NREMT standards):
NREMT defines secondary prevention as actions taken to reduce the impact of a disease or injury after it has occurred, focusing on early intervention and harm reduction.
Option D is correct because educating the public on naloxone use does not prevent opioid addiction but reduces morbidity and mortality by reversing overdoses when they occur.
Option A and C are examples of primary prevention, which aim to prevent disease before it happens.
Option B is an operational task, not prevention.
NREMT emphasizes prevention roles as part of community paramedicine and public health integration.
NEW QUESTION # 110
When using START triage, which of the following patients would the EMT consider to be a red tag? Select the two answer options that are correct.
Answer: B,C
Explanation:
The correct answers are A and C.
START triage categorizes patients based on respirations, perfusion, and mental status (RPM). A red tag (Immediate) is assigned to patients who have life-threatening conditions that can be rapidly treated.
START Criteria for Red Tag (Immediate):
Respirations > 30/min
Capillary refill > 2 seconds or no radial pulse
Unable to follow commands
Option A: Correct (Red Tag)
The child is unconscious (cannot follow commands) # immediate red classification Capillary refill is 4 seconds ( > 2 seconds) # poor perfusion Meets two red criteria Option C: Correct (Red Tag) Normal respirations (acceptable), BUT Capillary refill is 5 seconds ( > 2 seconds) # indicates poor perfusion/shock This alone qualifies for red tag Why the other options are incorrect:
B). Walking patient # Automatically categorized as green (minor) regardless of other findings D). No breathing after airway repositioning # Classified as black (deceased/expectant), not red E). Cannot walk but follows commands, normal breathing, normal pulse # Yellow (delayed) Exact Extracts:
"Patients who can walk are tagged as minor (green)."
"If capillary refill is greater than 2 seconds, tag the patient as immediate (red)."
"If the patient cannot follow simple commands, tag as immediate."
"If the patient is not breathing after airway repositioning, tag as deceased (black)." References:
NREMT EMT Education Standards - EMS Operations (Triage)
START Triage Guidelines - RPM (Respirations, Perfusion, Mental Status)
NREMT Candidate Handbook - Mass Casualty Incidents
NEW QUESTION # 111
An EMT cannot find a pulse on a responsive patient. Which of the following should the EMT do next?
Answer: C
Explanation:
If a patient is responsive, they must have adequate cerebral perfusion, meaning a pulse is present-even if it is difficult to palpate. NREMT guidelines emphasize that EMTs should not assume cardiac arrest based solely on an inability to feel a pulse.
Option C is correct because the EMT should continue the primary assessment, reassessing airway, breathing, and circulation using additional indicators such as skin condition, mental status, and breathing quality.
Option A is incorrect because CPR is only initiated in unresponsive, pulseless patients.
Option B is incorrect because AED use is indicated only for unresponsive, pulseless patients.
Option D may be appropriate later for shock but does not address the assessment discrepancy.
NREMT teaches that patient responsiveness is a reliable indicator of circulation and that EMTs must avoid unnecessary resuscitative interventions.
NEW QUESTION # 112
Which patient is the highest priority, and which patient is the lowest priority during a mass casualty event?
Move each patient into the Answer Area to correctly order the patients from the highest priority to the lowest priority.
Answer:
Explanation:
Explanation:
* A patient with a flail chest
* A patient with a fractured tibia and fibula
* A patient with burns to the hands
* A patient in cardiac arrest
In an MCI, EMTs use triage to do the greatest good for the greatest number . That means patients with immediately life-threatening but potentially survivable problems are treated before patients with minor injuries, and patients in cardiac arrest are generally placed last because full resuscitation is not started during primary MCI triage.
A flail chest is the highest priority here because it can rapidly cause severe respiratory compromise and is considered an immediate life threat. A fractured tibia and fibula is serious, but it usually does not outrank a major breathing problem, so it falls into a lower priority group. Burns to the hands are important, especially functionally, but isolated hand burns are usually not as urgent as major chest trauma or significant long-bone injury during triage. A patient in cardiac arrest is the lowest priority in standard MCI triage because triage systems such as START do not direct rescuers to spend time on full arrest resuscitation while multiple salvageable patients still need care.
NEW QUESTION # 113
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