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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Primary Assessment | 39–43% | - Identification and management of life-threatening conditions - General patient impression and priority determination - Initial patient assessment - Airway, breathing, and circulation management |
| Patient Treatment and Transport | 20–24% | - Medication administration and protocols - Medical and trauma care interventions - Patient packaging and transport procedures - Communication with receiving facilities |
| Scene Size-Up and Safety | 15–19% | - Scene assessment and safety protocols - Hazard recognition and management - Mechanism of injury / nature of illness |
| Secondary Assessment | 5–9% | - Focused history and physical exam - Vital signs and monitoring - Symptom assessment and history taking |
| EMS Operations | 10–14% | - EMS system roles and responsibilities - Incident command and multiple-casualty situations - Documentation and legal aspects - Emergency vehicle operations and safety |
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NEW QUESTION # 140
An EMT is using a BVM to ventilate a 28-year-old patient with asthma. The patient is unresponsive, and their vital signs are BP 70/40, P 142, R 8, and SpO2 89% on room air. The patient is becoming increasingly difficult to ventilate. What should the EMT do next?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
In patients with asthma experiencing respiratory failure, improper ventilation (especially excessive rates) can lead to air trapping and increased intrathoracic pressure, reducing venous return and worsening hypotension.
The correct technique is to ventilate slowly to allow full exhalation - around 1 breath every 5-6 seconds for adults.
CPAP is contraindicated in unresponsive patients who cannot maintain their own airway. A non-rebreather mask would be insufficient for an unresponsive patient, and forceful ventilation risks barotrauma.
References:
NREMT EMT Psychomotor Exam Guide: Airway, Respiration and Ventilation
American Heart Association (AHA) BLS Provider Manual (2020)
National EMS Education Standards (2011) - Airway Management Section
NEW QUESTION # 141
Which of the following components can be determined by assessing the mechanism of injury? Select the two correct options.
Answer: C,E
Explanation:
Mechanism of Injury (MOI) assessment is a cornerstone of trauma care. It helps providers determine:
* Extent of injury: High-speed collisions, falls from height, or penetrating trauma suggest internal injuries even if external signs are limited.
* Need for additional resources: MOI may indicate the necessity of ALS backup, air transport, or technical rescue.
MOI cannot determine a patient's medical history or guarantee survival predictions. The destination facility depends on multiple factors including triage protocols, vital signs, and local trauma system regulations.
References:
NREMT Trauma Assessment Skills Sheet
National EMS Education Standards - Trauma Module
AAOS Emergency Care and Transportation (11th ed.), Chapter: Mechanism of Injury and Trauma Assessment
NEW QUESTION # 142
A 42-year-old male states, " I can ' t breathe " after being shot in his upper thigh. Bystanders have applied direct pressure to his thigh and the bleeding is controlled. You should first
Answer: A
Explanation:
The patient's complaint of difficulty breathing is an airway/breathing issue and takes precedence over a controlled extremity bleed. The first action is to administer oxygen and evaluate respiratory effort.
Though reassessing the wound is important, oxygenation is the priority when airway compromise or respiratory distress is present. Tourniquets are for uncontrolled bleeding, which is not the case here.
References:
NREMT Trauma Assessment Guidelines
National EMS Education Standards - Primary Assessment Priorities
Brady Emergency Care (13th ed.) - Chapter: Patient Assessment
NEW QUESTION # 143
Heat exhaustion is most frequently associated with
Answer: C
Explanation:
Heat exhaustion results from prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures, leading to fluid and electrolyte loss (especially sodium and water), causing hypovolemia. This can result in:
* Tachycardia
* Weakness
* Dizziness
* Profuse sweating
Unlike heat stroke, mental status is typically preserved in heat exhaustion. Hypertension and bradycardia are not characteristic.
References:
NREMT Environmental Emergencies Module
National EMS Education Standards - Heat-Related Illnesses
AAOS Emergency Care (11th ed.), Chapter: Environmental Emergencies
NEW QUESTION # 144
A patient has heart failure with pulmonary edema. They have shortness of breath, and crackles are present in both lungs. The patient is nauseated and has vomited once. The vital signs are BP 90/40, P
110, R 10, and SpO# 89% on room air. Which of the following signs or symptoms prevent the EMT from using CPAP? Select the three correct options.
Answer: A,C,F
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
Contraindications to CPAP(Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) include:
* Hypotension: CPAP can reduce preload and worsen shock (BP < 90 systolic is a contraindication)
* Respiratory rate too low: A rate of 10 is at the low threshold; CPAP requires spontaneous adequate effort
* Active vomiting or nausea: CPAP increases aspiration risk
Crackles and hypoxia areindications, not contraindications, for CPAP. Pulse rate does not influence CPAP use directly.
References:
NREMT Airway Management and Cardiovascular Guidelines
National EMS Education Standards - Respiratory Failure and CPAP
AHA ACLS Provider Manual - Heart Failure and Pulmonary Edema Management
NEW QUESTION # 145
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