L4M2 Exam Certification | L4M2 Updated CBT

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CIPS L4M2 Exam Syllabus Topics:

SectionWeightObjectives
Topic 1: Use specifications in procurement and supply20-25%- Sources for developing specifications
  • 1. Suppliers, industry benchmarks, regulatory requirements
  • 2. Internal stakeholders, technical experts, standards bodies
- Types of specifications
  • 1. Conformance vs performance specifications
  • 2. Drawings, samples, brands, technical standards
  • 3. Output/outcome-based specifications
- Advantages and limitations of specification types
  • 1. Risk, cost, flexibility, supplier innovation impact
Topic 2: Stakeholder management in defining needs15-20%- Communicate and consult with stakeholders
  • 1. Resolving conflicting requirements
  • 2. Methods for gathering requirements
- Identify and classify stakeholders
  • 1. Power/interest matrix and engagement strategies
  • 2. Internal vs external stakeholders
- Align needs with organisational objectives
  • 1. Strategic alignment and value contribution
Topic 3: Devise a business case for requirements sourced externally20-25%- Estimate costs and prices for procurement activities
  • 1. Direct and indirect costs
  • 2. Total cost of ownership / whole life costing
  • 3. Cost estimation and budgeting methods
  • 4. Market data sources for cost/price information
- Criteria for creating business cases
  • 1. Benchmarking requirements
  • 2. Costs, benefits, options, alignment, timescales
- Influence of business needs on procurement decisions
  • 1. Impact of business needs on purchase types
  • 2. Types of purchase: new, modified rebuy, straight re-buy
  • 3. Procurement's role in developing business cases
- Interpret financial budgets for purchase control
  • 1. Budget performance and variance management
  • 2. Cash flow and cost entries
  • 3. Purpose and structure of budgets
Topic 4: Legal and regulatory considerations10-15%- Sustainability and ethical requirements
  • 1. Environmental, social, ethical criteria
- Legislation affecting requirements definition
  • 1. Procurement regulations, competition law, standards
Topic 5: Market management in procurement and supply20-25%- Analyse market structures and competition
  • 1. Impact of market structure on procurement strategies
  • 2. Perfect competition, monopoly, oligopoly, monopolistic competition
- Evaluate market information sources
  • 1. Industry reports, government data, trade journals
  • 2. Supplier intelligence and market research
- Assess market forces and trends
  • 1. Global vs local market conditions
  • 2. Technological, legal, economic, social factors
  • 3. Supply and demand dynamics

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CIPS Defining Business Needs Sample Questions (Q168-Q173):

NEW QUESTION # 168
Warwickshire Ambulance Service (WAS) is an NHS Trust. It operates throughout Warwickshire and the neighbouring areas. It has three core areas of activity, namely the provision of Emergency Ambulance Services, routine Patient Transport Services, and Logistic Medical Services. The agency is working towards higher service level through benchmarking. Which of the following is the benefit of benchmarking to WAS?

Answer: C

Explanation:
Benchmarking is ' the pursuit by organisations of enhanced performance by learning from the suc-cessful practices of others. Benchmarking is a continuous activity; key internal processes are adjusted, performance is monitored, new comparisons are made with the current best performers and further changes are explored.
Where information about these key processes is obtained through a co-operative partnership with specific organisations (rather than via a third party such as an independently-maintained database), there is an expectation of mutual benefit over a period of time.
Text Description automatically generated
Graphical user interface, text, application, email Description automatically generated Reference:
- The Department of Navy Benchmarking Handbook: A system view
- CIPS study guide page 49-51
LO 1, AC 1.3


NEW QUESTION # 169
Which of the following is an useful tool for value engineering?

Answer: A

Explanation:
Value Engineering (VE) is concerned with new products. It is applied during product development. The focus is on reducing costs, improving function or both, by way of teamwork-based product evaluation and analysis.
This takes place before any capital is invested in tooling, plant or equipment.
This is very significant, because according to many reports, up to 80% of a product's costs (throughout the rest of its life-cycle), are locked in at the design development stage. This is under-standable when you consider the design of any product determines many factors, such as tooling, plant and equipment, labour and skills, training costs, materials, shipping, installation, maintenance, as well as decommissioning and recycle costs.
The Kano model is a theory for product development and customer satisfaction developed in the 1980s by Professor Noriaki Kano, which classifies customer preferences into five categories. Both Kano model and Value Engineering aims at optimising new product, so they can be combined to-gether. CIPS L4M2 study guide consider Kano model is a tool of Value Engineering Example of Kano model (source: Wikipedia) Reference: CIPS study guide page 171-172 LO 3, AC 3.4


NEW QUESTION # 170
Which of the following statements is the best definition of 'value engineering?

Answer: B

Explanation:
Value Engineering (VE) is concerned with new products. It is applied during product development. The focus is on reducing costs, improving function or both, by way of teamwork-based product evaluation and analysis. This takes place before any capital is invested in tooling, plant or equipment.
This is very significant, because according to many reports, up to 80% of a product's costs (throughout the rest of its life-cycle), are locked in at the design development stage. This is under-standable when you consider the design of any product determines many factors, such as tooling, plant and equipment, labour and skills, training costs, materials, shipping, installation, maintenance, as well as decommissioning and recycle costs.
LO 3, AC 3.4


NEW QUESTION # 171
A procurement team is categorising their purchased items into four quadrants of Kraljic ' s supply chain portfolio matrix. They realise that there are some low-value items which come from very few suppliers in the market. The organisation is critically dependent on these suppliers. The team plans to reduce the dependence by finding alternative sources. Is this a right course of action?

Answer: D

Explanation:
According to Kraljic portfolio matrix, the low-value items with high supply risk are bottleneck items.

The purchasing strategy that is commonly recommended for these products is primarily based on acceptance of the dependence and reduction of the negative effects of the unfavourable position. An alternative strategy suggested by purchasing practitioners is to find other suppliers and move towards the non-critical quadrant.
- Accept dependence, reduce negative consequences: The main focus of this strategy is to assure supply, if necessary even at additional cost. Examples of this strategy are keeping extra stocks of the materials concerned or developing consigned stock agreements with suppliers. By performing a risk analysis firms can identify the most important bottleneck products and consider the implications. A possible action for dealing with unexpected bad dependence positions for certain products is to employ contingency planning.
- Reduce dependence and risk, find other solutions: This strategy is geared towards reducing the dependence on the supplier. The most common way to achieve this is to broaden the specifications of the product or to search for new suppliers.
The procurement team in the scenario has selected reducing dependency by finding alternatives. This is a right strategy for bottleneck item.
Reference:
- CIPS study guide page 82-84
- Purchasing strategies in the Kraljic matrix-A power and dependence perspective, Marjolein C.J. Caniels, Cees J. Gelderman LO 2, AC 2.1


NEW QUESTION # 172
To calculate the estimated annual payback period, a buyer will need to know the estimated annual savings made from implementing the option, and also the estimated costs. Is this statement correct?

Answer: C


NEW QUESTION # 173
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