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EC-Council 312-49 Exam Syllabus Topics:

Digital Evidence	- Understand the fundamental characteristics and types of digital evidence Introduction to Digital Evidence Types of Digital Evidence Characteristics of Digital Evidence Role of Digital Evidence Sources of Potential Evidence Understanding Hard Disk Understanding Solid State Drive (SSD) RAID Storage System NAS/SAN Storage Disk Interfaces Logical Structure of Disks - Understand the fundamental concepts and working of desktop and mobile Operating Systems What is the Booting Process? Essential Windows System Files Windows Boot Process: BIOS-MBR Method Windows Boot Process: UEFI-GPT Macintosh Boot Process Linux Boot Process Windows File Systems Linux File Systems Mac OS X File Systems MAC Forensics Data MAC Log Files MAC Directories CD-ROM / DVD File System Virtual File System (VFS) and Universal Disk Format File System (UDF) Architectural Layers of Mobile Device Environment Android Architecture Stack Android Boot Process iOS Architecture iOS Boot Process Mobile Storage and Evidence Locations Mobile Phone Evidence Analysis Data Acquisition Methods Components of Cellular Network Different Cellular Networks Cell Site Analysis: Analyzing Service Provider Data CDR Contents Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) Different types of network-based evidence - Understand different types of logs and their importance in forensic investigations Understanding Events Types of Logon Events Event Log File Format Organization of Event Records ELF_LOGFILE_HEADER structure EventLogRecord Structure Windows 10 Event Logs Other Audit Events Evaluating Account Management Events Log files as evidence Legal criteria for admissibility of logs as evidence Guidelines to ensure log file credibility and usability Ensure log file authenticity Maintain log file integrity Implement centralized log management IIS Web Server Architecture IIS Logs Analyzing IIS Logs Apache Web Server Architecture Apache Web Server Logs Apache Access Logs Apache Error Logs - Understand various encoding standards and analyze various file types Character Encoding Standard: ASCII Character Encoding Standard: UNICODE OFFSET Understanding Hex Editors Understanding Hexadecimal Notation Image File Analysis: JPEG Image File Analysis: BMP Understanding EXIF data Hex View of Popular Image File Formats PDF File Analysis Word File Analysis PowerPoint File Analysis Excel File Analysis Hex View of Other Popular File Formats - Understand the fundamental working of WAF and MySQL Database Web Application Firewall (WAF) Benefits of WAF Limitations of WAF Data Storage in SQL Server Database Evidence Repositories MySQL Forensics Viewing the Information Schema MySQL Utility Programs for Forensic Analysis	17%
Topic	Details	Weights
Forensic Science	- Understand different types of cybercrimes and list various forensic investigations challenges Types of Computer Crimes Impact of Cybercrimes at Organizational Level Cyber Crime Investigation Challenges Cyber Crimes Present for Investigators Network Attacks Indicators of Compromise (IOC) Web Application Threats Challenges in Web Application Forensics Indications of a Web Attack What is Anti-Forensics? Anti-Forensics Techniques - Understand the fundamentals of computer forensics and determine the roles and responsibilities of forensic investigators Understanding Computer Forensics Need for Computer Forensics Why and When Do You Use Computer Forensics? Forensic Readiness Forensic Readiness and Business Continuity Forensics Readiness Planning Incident Response Computer Forensics as part of Incident Response Plan Overview of Incident Response Process Flow Role of SOC in Computer Forensics Need for Forensic Investigator Roles and Responsibilities of Forensics Investigator What makes a Good Computer Forensics Investigator? Code of Ethics Accessing Computer Forensics Resources Other Factors That Influence Forensic Investigations Introduction to Web Application Forensics Introduction to Network Forensics Postmortem and Real-Time Analys - Understand data acquisition concepts and rules Understanding Data Acquisition Live Acquisition Order of Volatility Dead Acquisition Rules of Thumb for Data Acquisition Types of Data Acquisition Determine the Data Acquisition Format - Understand the fundamental concepts and working of databases, cloud computing, Emails, IOT, Malware (file and fileless), and dark web Understanding Dark Web TOR Relays How TOR Browser works TOR Bridge Node Internal architecture of MySQL Structure of data directory Introduction to Cloud Computing Types of Cloud Computing Services Cloud Deployment Models Cloud Computing Threats Cloud Computing Attacks Introduction to an email system Components involved in email communication How email communication works Understanding parts of an email message Introduction to Malware Components of Malware Common Techniques Attackers Use to Distribute Malware across Web Introduction to Fileless Malware Infection Chain of Fileless Malware How Fileless Attack Works via Memory Exploits How Fileless Attack Happens Via Websites How Fileless Attack Happens Via Documents What is IoT? IoT Architecture IoT Security Problems OWASP Top 10 Vulnerabilities IoT Threats IoT Attack Surface Areas	18%
Tools/Systems/ Programs	- Identify various tools to investigate Operating Systems including Windows, Linux, Mac, Android and iOS File System Analysis Tools File Format Analyzing Tools Volatile Data Acquisition Tools Non-Volatile Data Acquisition Tools Data Acquisition Validation Tools Tools for Examining Images on Windows Tools for Examining Images on Linux Tools for Examining Images on Mac Tools for Carving Files on Windows Tools for Carving Files on Linux Tools for Carving Files on Mac Recovering Deleted Partitions: Using R-Studio Recovering Deleted Partitions: Using EaseUS Data Recovery Wizard Partition Recovery Tools Using Rainbow Tables to Crack Hashed Passwords Password Cracking Using: L0phtCrack and Ophcrack Password Cracking Using Cain & Abel and RainbowCrack Password Cracking Using pwdump7 Password Cracking Tools Tool to Reset Admin Password Steganography Detection Tools Detecting Data Hiding in File System Structures Using OSForensics ADS Detection Tools Detecting File Extension Mismatch using Autopsy Tools to detect Overwritten Data/Metadata Program Packers Unpacking Tools USB Device Enumeration using Windows PowerShell Tools to Collect Volatile Information Tools to Non-Collect Volatile Information Tools to perform windows memory and registry analysis Tools to examine the cache, Cookie and history recorded in web browsers Tools to Examine Windows Files and Metadata Tools to Examine ShellBags, LNK files and Jump Lists Tools to Collect Volatile Information on Linux Tools to Collect Non-Volatile Information on Linux Linux File system Analysis Tools Tools to Perform Linux Memory Forensics APFS File System Analysis Parsing metadata on Spotlight MAC Forensic Tools Network Traffic Investigation Tools Incident Detection and Examination with SIEM tools Detect and Investigate Various Attacks on Web Applications by Examining Various Logs Tools to Identify TOR Artifacts Tools to Acquire Memory Dumps Tools to Examine the Memory Dumps Tools to Perform Static Malware Analysis Tools to Analyze Suspicious Word and PDF documents Tools to Perform Static Malware Analysis Tools to Analyze Malware Behavior on a System Tools to Analyze Malware Behavior on a Network Tools to Perform Logical Acquisition on Android and iOS devices Tools to Perform Physical Acquisition on Android and iOS devices - Determine the various tools to investigate MSSQL, MySQL, Azure, AWS, Emails and IoT devices Tools to Collect and Examine the Evidence Files on MSSQL Server Tools to Collect and Examine the Evidence Files on MySQL Server Investigating Microsoft Azure Investigating AWS Tools to Acquire Email Data Tools to Acquire Deleted Emails Tools to Perform Forensics on IoT devices	16%
Digital Forensics	- Review Various Anti-Forensic Techniques and Ways to Defeat Them Anti-Forensics Technique: Data/File Deletion What Happens When a File is Deleted in Windows? Recycle Bin in Windows File Carving Anti-Forensics Techniques: Password Protection Bypassing Passwords on Powered-off Computer Anti-Forensics Technique: Steganography Anti-Forensics Technique: Alternate Data Streams Anti-Forensics Techniques: Trail Obfuscation Anti-Forensics Technique: Artifact Wiping Anti-Forensics Technique: Overwriting Data/Metadata Anti-Forensics Technique: Encryption Anti-Forensics Technique: Program Packers Anti-Forensics Techniques that Minimize Footprint Anti-Forensics Technique: Exploiting Forensics Tools Bugs Anti-Forensics Technique: Detecting Forensic Tool Activities Anti-Forensics Countermeasures Anti-Forensics Tools - Analyze Various Files Associated with Windows and Linux and Android Devices Windows File Analysis Metadata Investigation Windows ShellBags Analyze LNK Files Analyze Jump Lists Event logs File System Analysis using The Sleuth Kit (TSK) Linux Memory Forensics APFS File System Analysis: Biskus APFS Capture Parsing metadata on Spotlight Logical Acquisition of Android Devices Physical Acquisition of Android Devices SQLite Database Extraction Challenges in Mobile Forensics - Analyze various logs and perform network forensics to investigate network attacks Analyzing Firewall Logs Analyzing IDS Logs Analyzing Honeypot Logs Analyzing Router Logs Analyzing DHCP Logs Why investigate Network Traffic? Gathering evidence via Sniffers Sniffing Tool: Tcpdump Sniffing Tool: Wireshark Analyze Traffic for TCP SYN flood DOS attack Analyze Traffic for SYN-FIN flood DOS attack Analyze traffic for FTP password cracking attempts Analyze traffic for SMB password cracking attempts Analyze traffic for sniffing attempts Analyze traffic to detect malware activity Centralized Logging Using SIEM Solutions SIEM Solutions: Splunk Enterprise Security (ES) SIEM Solutions: IBM Security QRadar Examine Brute-Force Attacks Examine DoS Attack Examine Malware Activity Examine data exfiltration attempts made through FTP Examine network scanning attempts Examine ransomware attack Detect rogue DNS server (DNS hijacking/DNS spoofing) Wireless network security vulnerabilities Performing attack and vulnerability monitoring Detect a rogue access point Detect access point MAC spoofing attempts Detect misconfigured access point Detect honeypot access points Detect signal jamming attack - Analyze Various Logs and Perform Web Application Forensics to Examine Various Web Based Attacks Investigating Cross-Site Scripting Attack Investigating SQL Injection Attack Investigating Directory Traversal Attack Investigating Command Injection Attack Investigating Parameter Tampering Attack Investigating XML External Entity Attack Investigating Brute Force Attack Investigating Cookie Poisoning Attack - Perform Forensics on Databases, Dark Web, Emails, Cloud and IoT devices Database Forensics Using SQL Server Management Studio Database Forensics Using ApexSQL DBA Common Scenario for Reference MySQL Forensics for WordPress Website Database: Scenario 1 MySQL Forensics for WordPress Website Database: Scenario 2 Tor Browser Forensics: Memory Acquisition Collecting Memory Dumps Memory Dump Analysis: Bulk Extractor Forensic Analysis of Memory Dumps to Examine Email Artifacts (Tor Browser Open) Forensic Analysis of Storage to Acquire the Email Attachments (Tor Browser Open) Forensic Analysis of Memory Dumps to Examine Email Artifacts (Tor Browser Closed) Forensic Analysis of Storage to Acquire the Email Attachments (Tor Browser Closed) Forensic Analysis: Tor Browser Uninstalled Dark Web Forensics Challenges Introduction to email crime investigation Steps to investigate email crimes Division of Responsibilities Where Is the Data Stored in Azure? Logs in Azure Acquiring A VM in Microsoft Azure Acquiring A VM Snapshot Using Azure Portal Acquiring A VM Snapshot Using PowerShell AWS Forensics Wearable IoT Device: Smartwatch IoT Device Forensics: Smart Speaker-Amazon Echo - Perform Static and Dynamic Malware Analysis in a Sandboxed Environment Malware Analysis: Static Analyzing Suspicious MS Office Document Analyzing Suspicious PDF Document Malware Analysis: Dynamic - Analyze Malware Behavior on System and Network Level, and Analyze Fileless Malware System Behavior Analysis: Monitoring Registry Artifacts System Behavior Analysis: Monitoring Processes System Behavior Analysis: Monitoring Windows Services System Behavior Analysis: Monitoring Startup Programs System Behavior Analysis: Monitoring Windows Event Logs System Behavior Analysis: Monitoring API Calls System Behavior Analysis: Monitoring Device Drivers System Behavior Analysis: Monitoring Files and Folders Network Behavior Analysis: Monitoring Network Activities Network Behavior Analysis: Monitoring Port Network Behavior Analysis: Monitoring DNS Fileless Malware Analysis: Emotet Emotet Malware Analysis Emotet Malware Analysis: Timeline of the Infection Chain	17%
Regulations, Policies and Ethics	- Understand rules and regulations pertaining to search & seizure of the evidence, and evidence examination Rules of Evidence Best Evidence Rule Federal Rules of Evidence Scientific Working Group on Digital Evidence (SWGDE) ACPO Principles of Digital Evidence Seeking Consent Obtaining Witness Signatures Obtaining Warrant for Search and Seizure Searches Without a Warrant Initial Search of the Scene Preserving Evidence Chain of Custody Sanitize the Target Media Records of Regularly Conducted Activity as Evidence Division of Responsibilities - Understand different laws and legal issues that impact forensic investigations Computer Forensics: Legal Issues Computer Forensics: Privacy Issues Computer Forensics and Legal Compliance Other Laws that May Influence Computer Forensics U.S. Laws Against Email Crime: CAN-SPAM Act	15%

Concluding Thoughts

To conclude, the modern IT world is linked to just about any job role you can imagine. Apart from playing a key role in mitigating security threats through the Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH) training, the EC-Council is also keen to produce qualified individuals who can help with extracting evidence as far as the forensic investigation goes. And that’s the basis of the Computer Hacking Forensic Investigator (CHFI) certificate and 312-49 test. Getting this certification should be a no-brainer if you are eager to work with the police, military personnel, government agencies, or legal professionals to counter the effects of the dreaded cybercrimes.

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EC-COUNCIL Computer Hacking Forensic Investigator Sample Questions (Q419-Q424):

NEW QUESTION # 419
Steven has been given the task of designing a computer forensics lab for the company he works for. He has found documentation on all aspects of how to design a lab except the number of exits needed. How many exits should Steven include in his design for the computer forensics lab?

A. Two
B. Four
C. Three
D. One

Answer: D

NEW QUESTION # 420
A suspect is accused of violating the acceptable use of computing resources, as he has visited adult websites and downloaded images. The investigator wants to demonstrate that the suspect did indeed visit these sites.
However, the suspect has cleared the search history and emptied the cookie cache. Moreover, he has removed any images he might have downloaded. What can the investigator do to prove the violation?

A. Approach the websites for evidence
B. Image the disk and try to recover deleted files
C. Seek the help of co-workers who are eye-witnesses
D. Check the Windows registry for connection data (you may or may not recover)

Answer: B

NEW QUESTION # 421
Which code does the FAT file system use to mark the file as deleted?

A. ESH
B. E5H
C. 5EH
D. H5E

Answer: B

NEW QUESTION # 422
At what layer does a cross site scripting attack occur on?

A. Presentation
B. Application
C. Data Link
D. Session

Answer: B

NEW QUESTION # 423
Chris has been called upon to investigate a hacking incident reported by one of his clients. The company suspects the involvement of an insider accomplice in the attack. Upon reaching the incident scene, Chris secures the physical area, records the scene using visual media. He shuts the system down by pulling the power plug so that he does not disturb the system in any way. He labels all cables and connectors prior to disconnecting any. What do you think would be the next sequence of events?

A. Connect the target media; Prepare the system for acquisition; Secure the evidence; Copy the media
B. Connect the target media; prepare the system for acquisition; Secure the evidence; Copy the media
C. Prepare the system for acquisition; Connect the target media; copy the media; Secure the evidence
D. Secure the evidence; prepare the system for acquisition; Connect the target media; copy the media

Answer: C

Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:

NEW QUESTION # 424
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