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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Patient Preparation | - Patient identification and communication - Site selection and preparation - Specimen labeling procedures |
| Topic 2: Specimen Processing and Handling | - Common errors and rejection criteria - Quality assurance procedures - Specimen transport and storage |
| Topic 3: Special Collections | - Capillary puncture (fingerstick/heel stick) - Non-routine specimen collection methods - Pediatric and geriatric considerations |
| Topic 4: Routine Blood Collections | - Venipuncture procedures - Equipment selection and use - Order of draw |
| Topic 5: Safety and Compliance | - OSHA regulations and patient safety - Infection control and standard precautions - HIPAA and patient confidentiality |
>> NHA Phlebotomy-Technician Test Question <<
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NEW QUESTION # 47
Which of the following actions should a phlebotomist take when a specimen requires immediate processing?
Answer: B
Explanation:
A specimen requiring immediate processing should be delivered or processed according to stat or time-sensitive protocol. Some analytes degrade rapidly, some cells change after collection, and some tests depend on strict timing. Leaving the specimen until the next courier pickup may cause inaccurate results or rejection. Marking it routine ignores the priority and may delay care. Refrigerating it overnight is inappropriate unless specifically required, and even then it would not satisfy immediate processing. The phlebotomist must recognize priority indicators such as STAT, timed, fasting, peak/trough, chilled, protected-from-light, and immediate-spin requirements. The responsibility does not end when blood enters the tube. Specimen integrity depends on timely transport, correct temperature, proper centrifugation, and accurate documentation. If a delay occurs, the phlebotomist should communicate it according to facility policy rather than silently submitting a compromised specimen. Reference topics: Processing Specimens; stat specimens; time-sensitive processing; transport priority; specimen stability.
NEW QUESTION # 48
Which of the following actions should a phlebotomist take if a patient develops a rapidly forming hematoma during venipuncture?
Answer: B
Explanation:
If a rapidly forming hematoma develops, the phlebotomist should remove the needle and apply pressure. A hematoma occurs when blood leaks into surrounding tissue, often because the needle has gone through the vein, partially exited the vein, or the vein wall has been injured. Continuing the collection can worsen bleeding, increase pain, and compromise the specimen. Asking the patient to pump their fist increases venous pressure and can worsen leakage or alter some test results. Inserting the needle deeper is unsafe because it may worsen vessel injury or strike nearby structures. The correct response is to release the tourniquet, remove the needle, activate the safety device, apply firm pressure, and monitor the site. A bandage should be applied only after bleeding has stopped. The phlebotomist should document or report the complication according to facility policy and avoid recollecting from the affected site. Reference topics: Routine Blood Collections; hematoma; venipuncture complications; needle removal; post-procedure care.
NEW QUESTION # 49
A phlebotomist is scheduled to perform a venipuncture on a patient who had a bilateral radical mastectomy. Which of the following actions should the phlebotomist take?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The phlebotomist should contact the provider for approval. After a mastectomy, especially radical mastectomy with lymph node involvement, venipuncture on the affected side is generally avoided because impaired lymphatic drainage can increase risk for lymphedema, infection, delayed healing, and patient complications. With a bilateral radical mastectomy, both arms may be restricted, so the phlebotomist should not independently choose an alternate arm vein. Drawing from an ulnar vein is not a standard solution and could still be in a restricted extremity. Requesting surgical outpatient records is not the immediate collection action and does not provide authorization to proceed. Obtaining a specimen from the subclavian vein is outside the phlebotomist's routine scope and would be a provider-level invasive procedure. The correct approach is to pause, follow facility policy, notify the nurse or provider, and obtain explicit direction for an approved site or alternate collection method. Reference topics: Routine Blood Collections; site contraindications; mastectomy precautions; provider communication; patient safety.
NEW QUESTION # 50
Which of the following tube additives promotes clot formation?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Silica promotes clot formation and is commonly used as a clot activator in serum separator tubes and other serum collection tubes. Its function is to accelerate the clotting process so serum can be separated after appropriate clotting time and centrifugation. Heparin is the opposite; it is an anticoagulant that inhibits thrombin activity and is used when plasma is required, especially for many chemistry tests. Oxalate is also an anticoagulant, commonly paired with sodium fluoride in gray-top tubes, where oxalate inhibits clotting and fluoride helps preserve glucose by inhibiting glycolysis. Citrate is another anticoagulant, usually in light-blue tubes for coagulation testing, where the blood-to-additive ratio is critical. This question tests additive function, not tube color memorization alone. A phlebotomist must know whether a tube is intended to produce serum, plasma, or whole blood because incorrect tube selection directly creates preanalytical error and possible specimen rejection. Reference topics: Routine Blood Collections; tube additives; clot activators; order of draw; specimen integrity. NHA's CPT test plan includes equipment, collection tubes, additives, and routine blood collection procedures.
NEW QUESTION # 51
Which of the following complications is associated with a dermal puncture?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Osteomyelitis is the correct complication associated with dermal puncture, especially when puncture depth or site selection is improper in infants. Osteomyelitis is infection of bone, and it can occur if a lancet penetrates too deeply or if a puncture is performed over an unsafe area where soft tissue is thin and bone is close to the skin. This is why infant heel punctures must be performed only on the medial or lateral plantar surface and never on the posterior curvature or central heel. Osteoarthritis is degenerative joint disease and is not caused by dermal puncture. Osteoporosis is reduced bone density and is unrelated to capillary collection technique. Osteosarcoma is a malignant bone tumor and is not a procedural complication of phlebotomy. Proper dermal puncture requires correct lancet depth, appropriate site selection, aseptic technique, and avoidance of repeated punctures in the same area. NHA CPT content includes dermal puncture procedures, capillary collection, complications, site selection, and patient risk reduction. Reference topics: Routine Blood Collections; dermal puncture; capillary collection; pediatric site safety.
NEW QUESTION # 52
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