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The CIPS L4M2 exam covers a wide range of topics, including the importance of defining business needs, the key stakeholders involved in the process, and the various techniques used to gather requirements. It also covers the different types of requirements, such as functional and non-functional requirements, and how to prioritize them based on their importance. L4M2 Exam also assesses the candidate's ability to evaluate and validate requirements and to communicate them effectively to stakeholders.
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CIPS L4M2 (Defining Business Needs) Certification Exam is a professional certification exam that is designed for individuals who are looking to advance their career in the field of business analysis. Defining Business Needs certification exam is offered by the Chartered Institute of Procurement and Supply (CIPS), which is a leading global professional body that provides certification, training, and networking opportunities to individuals working in procurement and supply chain management.
NEW QUESTION # 85
Which type of specification is less time-consuming to develop?
Answer: C
Explanation:
There are two major types of specification: conformance and performance specifications. They have the following characteristics:
Since performance specification is often a list of outputs or outcomes, it usually takes less time to develop than conformance specification.
NEW QUESTION # 86
Buyers in the same industry with the same understanding of relative value and price may still make different decisions about whether to switch. Which of the following factors may prompt a buying organization to incline toward substitute products?
1. There is potential for backward integration
2. Access to financial resources
3. The switching cost is high
4. The substitute fits organisation's strategy
Answer: D
Explanation:
The threat of substitution is a function of three factors:
* The relative value/ price of a substitute compared to an industry's product
* The cost of switching to the substitute
* The buyer's propensity to switch
Buyers with different circumstances and in different industries do not all have equal propensities to substitute when faced with a comparable economic motivation. Differences in their circumstances lead buyers to respond to a given relative value to price (RVP) and switching cost differently. While such differences might be treated as factors that modify RVP or switching costs, it is more helpful in practice to isolate them.
Resources. Substitution often involves up-front investments of capital and other resources. Access to such resources will differ from one buyer to another.
Risk Profile. Buyers often have very different risk profiles, the result of such things as their past history, age and income, ownership structure, background and orientation of management, and nature of competition in their industry. Buyers prone to risk taking are more likely to substitute than buyers that are risk-averse.
Technological Orientation. Buyers experienced with technological change may be less concerned with some kinds of substitution risks, while extremely aware of others that a less technologically sophisticated buyer would be oblivious to.
Previous Substitutions. The second substitution may be easier for a buyer than the first, unless the first substitution has been a failure. The buyer's uncertainties over undertaking a substitution may have diminished if a past substitution has been successful, or risen if a past substitution has led to difficulties. In the soft drink industry, this seems to have worked to the benefit of aspartame.
Intensity of Rivalry. Buyers under intense competitive pressure and searching for competitive ad-vantage will tend to substitute more quickly to gain a given advantage than those that are not.
Generic Strategy. The RVP of a substitute will have different significance depending on the com-petitive advantage that industrial, commercial, or institutional buyers are seeking or the value of time and particular performance needs of the household buyer. A substitute that offers a cost saving will tend to be of more interest to a cost leader than a differentiator, for example.
Many of these factors that shape the buyer's propensity to substitute will be a function of the particular decision maker who is involved in the purchase decision.
Porter, Michael E.. Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance (p. 278-289). Free Press. Kindle Edition.
NEW QUESTION # 87
Which of the following activities are considered as primary activities of an organization according to Porter's value chain? Select TWO that apply:
Answer: B,E
Explanation:
Primary activities consist of inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, sales & marketing, service.
Second activities consist of firm infrastructure, human resource management, technology development and procurement The following graph illustrate the value chain (Source: Smartsheet)
Picking and delivery components is inbound logistics.
Maintenance is an example of operations activity.
Sourcing transportation services is an activity of procurement
Assembly design is an activity in research and development (Technology) Recruiting is an activity of human resource management Reference:
LO 2, AC 2.1
NEW QUESTION # 88
Which of the following are the fair and reasonable comparators in price analysis? Select TWO that apply:
Answer: A,D
Explanation:
Price Analysis is the process of deciding if the asking price for a product or service is fair and rea-sonable, without examining the specific cost and profit calculations the vendor used in arriving at the price. It is basically a process of comparing the price with known indicators of reasonableness. When adequate price competition does not exist, some other form of analysis is required. Some reasons that could affect adequate price competition are: specifications are not definitive, tolerances are restrictive, or production capacity limits those eligible to bid.
Examples of other forms of price analysis information include:
* Analysis of previous prices paid
* Comparison of vendor's price with the in-house estimate
* Comparison of quotations or published price lists from multiple vendors
* Comparisons with government agencies (such as GSA in the US) published prices A strike price is the set price at which a derivative contract can be bought or sold when it is exercised. For call options, the strike price is where the security can be bought by the option holder; for put options, the strike price is the price at which the security can be sold. Strike price is also known as the exercise price.
A cost driver is the direct cause of a cost and its effect is on the total cost incurred. For example, if you are to determine the amount of electricity consumed in a particular period, the number of units consumed determines the total bill for electricity. In such a scenario, the number of units of electricity consumed is a cost driver.
NEW QUESTION # 89
When preparing through-life specification, which of the following requirements should procure-ment team define besides the physical asset? Select TWO that apply.
Answer: C,D
Explanation:
Through-life Management involves the life-cycle management of the products, services and activities required to deliver a fully integrated capability to the customer, while reducing the cost of ownership for the customer.
Diagram, table Description automatically generated
Source: Andrew Graves
With through-life management, buyer not only cares about the physical asset but also other factors like customer services and maintenance.
NEW QUESTION # 90
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