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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Security and File Permissions | 20% | - Basic Security Concepts - User and Group Management - File Permissions and Ownership |
| Topic 2: Finding Your Way on a Linux System | 20% | - Using Directories and Listing Files - Command Line Basics - Creating, Moving and Deleting Files |
| Topic 3: The Linux Operating System | 20% | - File Systems and Hierarchy Standard - Hardware and Drivers - Processes and Services - System Architecture |
| Topic 4: The Linux Community and a Career in Open Source | 15% | - Open Source Software and Licensing - Applications and Support - Linux Distributions - Linux History and Philosophy |
| Topic 5: The Power of the Command Line | 25% | - Basic Shell Scripting - I/O Redirection and Pipelines - Archiving and Compression - Text Processing |
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NEW QUESTION # 76
What is true about the dmesgcommand? (Choose two.)
Answer: A,D
NEW QUESTION # 77
What can be found in the /proc/ directory?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The /proc/ directory is a virtual file system that contains information about the system and the processes running on it. It is not a conventional file system that stores files on a disk, but rather a dynamic view of the kernel's data structures. One of the features of the /proc/ directory is that it contains one subdirectory for each process running on the system, which is named after the process ID (PID). For example, the subdirectory
/proc/1/ contains information about the process with PID 1, which is usually the init process. The process subdirectories contain various files that provide information about the process, such as its status, memory usage, open files, environment variables, command line arguments, and more. The /proc/ directory also contains a symbolic link called 'self', whichpoints to the process that is accessing the /proc/ file system.
Therefore, the correct answer is D. One directory per running process.
The other options are incorrect because:
* A. One directory per installed program. This is not true, as the /proc/ directory does not contain information about installed programs, but only about running processes. Installed programs are usually stored in other directories, such as /bin/, /usr/bin/, /opt/, etc.
* B. One device file per hardware device. This is not true, as the /proc/ directory does not contain device files, but only virtual files that represent kernel data. Device files are usually stored in the /dev/
* directory, which is another special file system that provides access to hardware devices.
* C. One file per existing user account. This is not true, as the /proc/ directory does not contain information about user accounts, but only about processes. User accounts are usually stored in the /etc/ directory, which contains configuration files, such as /etc/passwd/ and /etc/shadow/, that define the users and their passwords.
* E. One log file per running service. This is not true, as the /proc/ directory does not contain log files, but only information files. Log files are usually stored in the /var/log/ directory, which contains various files that record the activities of the system and the services.
References:
* The /proc Filesystem - The Linux Kernel documentation
* A Beginner's Guide to the /proc File System in Linux - Tecmint
* Appendix E. The proc File System Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 | Red Hat ...
* Chapter 5. The proc File System Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 | Red Hat ...
* proc file system in Linux - GeeksforGeeks
NEW QUESTION # 78
Which ofthe following commands creates an archive filework.tarfrom the contents of the directory./ work/?
Answer: E
NEW QUESTION # 79
A directory contains the following files:
What would be the output of the followingshell script?
for file in *.txt
Answer: F
NEW QUESTION # 80
What is the purpose of the PATH environment variable?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
The PATH environment variable is a special variable that contains a list of directories that the system searches when looking for a command to execute12. The purpose of the PATH variable is to make it easier and faster for users to run commands without having to type the full path to the executable file. For example, if you want to run the ls command, which is located in the /bin directory, you don't have to type /bin/ls every time. You can just type ls, and the system will find the executable file in the /bin directory, which is one of the directories in the PATH variable. The PATH variable can be viewed with the echo command12:
$ echo $PATH
The PATH variable can also be modified by adding or removing directories, either temporarily or permanently, depending on the user's needs12. For example, if you have acustom script or program in your home directory, and you want to run it from anywhere, you can add your home directory to the PATH variable with the export command12:
$ export PATH=$PATH:~/myprogram
This will append your home directory to the end of the PATH variable, and the system will search it last when looking for a command. To make this change permanent, you need to edit a configuration file, such as
~/.bashrc or ~/.profile, and add the export command there12.
References:
* How To View and Update the Linux PATH Environment Variable | DigitalOcean
* Linux path environment variable - Linux command line - LinuxConfig.org
NEW QUESTION # 81
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