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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Financial Accounting Fundamentals | - Financial Statements
|
| Topic 2: Managerial Accounting for Decision Making | - Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis
|
| Topic 3: Business Decision Support | - Performance Measurement
|
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37. Frage
How are activity-based costing systems different from traditional costing systems?
Antwort: C
Begründung:
The correct answer is C . Activity-based costing (ABC) is generally more precise than traditional costing when a company makes multiple products that consume overhead resources differently. ABC assigns overhead by identifying activities and using multiple cost drivers that better reflect how products actually use resources. Sources on ABC explain that it improves cost accuracy compared with traditional systems, especially in more complex production environments.
Option A is incorrect because the statement is reversed. Traditional costing often uses a single volume-based driver such as labor hours or machine hours, while ABC commonly uses multiple cost drivers . Option B is incorrect because ABC is usually more time-consuming and expensive to administer, not less. Option D is also incorrect because ABC is especially useful when products are heterogeneous , meaning they differ in the amount and type of overhead resources they consume. Therefore, the key difference is that ABC gives a more precise assignment of overhead costs than traditional costing when multiple products are produced. That makes Option C the correct answer.
38. Frage
What is true regarding the use of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS)?
Antwort: B
Begründung:
The correct answer is C. IFRS are commonly required to be used in Asia . IFRS is widely used around the world, and the IFRS Foundation states that companies in more than 140 jurisdictions are required to use IFRS Accounting Standards when reporting their financial health. That broad global adoption includes many Asian jurisdictions, so saying IFRS are commonly required in Asia is accurate.
Option A is incorrect because U.S. domestic issuers are generally required under SEC rules to file financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP , not simply choose IFRS instead. Option B is false because IFRS are not seldom used by non-U.S. companies; in fact, they are extensively used internationally.
Option D is incorrect because the SEC does not require IFRS for all issuers; rather, SEC rules generally require U.S. GAAP for domestic registrants, while certain foreign private issuers may use IFRS as issued by the IASB. Therefore, among the listed choices, Option C is the only statement that is broadly correct and consistent with current international reporting practice.
39. Frage
Where should a company report cash payments to acquire or construct long-term fixed assets on a statement of cash flows?
Antwort: B
Begründung:
The correct answer is C. Cash flows from investing activities . Cash paid to acquire, build, or improve long- term fixed assets such as land, buildings, machinery, and equipment is classified as an investing cash outflow on the statement of cash flows. OpenStax explains that the investing section of the statement of cash flows relates to changes in long-term assets , which includes capital expenditures for property, plant, and equipment. FASB cash flow guidance also requires classifying cash receipts and payments as operating, investing, or financing based on the nature of the activity.
Option B is incorrect because operating activities relate to the core day-to-day revenue-producing operations of the company. Option D is incorrect because financing activities involve obtaining or repaying capital, such as borrowing, issuing stock, or paying dividends. Option A is not a standard reporting category under the statement of cash flows. Since buying or constructing long-term fixed assets represents investment in productive resources for future use, the correct classification is Cash flows from investing activities .
40. Frage
Which two items increase net income?
Choose 2 answers.
Antwort: C,D
Begründung:
The correct answers are C. Interest income and D. Gain on sale of assets . Net income increases when revenues and gains increase, while it decreases when expenses and losses increase. Interest income is a type of revenue or other income that adds to earnings. Gain on sale of assets also increases net income because it represents the amount by which proceeds from the sale exceed the asset's carrying value. OpenStax notes that the income statement includes revenues, expenses, gains, and losses in measuring financial performance.
Option A. Income tax expense decreases net income because it is an expense. Option B. Cost of sales also decreases net income because it is a major operating expense deducted in arriving at gross profit and ultimately net income. Gains and interest income improve profitability, whereas expenses reduce it. This distinction is fundamental in preparing and interpreting the income statement. Therefore, the two items that increase net income are Interest income and Gain on sale of assets , making C and D the correct answers.
41. Frage
What is an advantage of the indirect method of the cash flow statement?
Antwort: D
Begründung:
The correct answer is B. Easy to reconcile between net income and cash flows . Under the indirect method
, the operating section of the statement of cash flows begins with net income and then adjusts for noncash items, gains and losses, and changes in working capital to arrive at net cash provided by operating activities
. This makes it especially useful for showing the relationship between accrual-based profit and actual operating cash flow. FASB guidance explains that the indirect method presents this reconciliation within the cash flow reporting process, and OpenStax likewise describes the indirect method as beginning with net income and reconciling it to cash flows.
Option A is incorrect because the direct method is often easier for beginners to read since it lists cash receipts and cash payments more directly. Option C is incorrect because the indirect method does not specifically prevent errors or reveal "indirect costs." Option D is incorrect because the purpose of the method is not to compare direct and indirect costs. Its main practical advantage is the clear reconciliation from net income to operating cash flow , so Option B is correct.
42. Frage
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