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PECB ISO-IEC-27001-Lead-Auditor Exam Syllabus Topics:

Section	Weight	Objectives
Audit Principles and Audit Process	20%	- Risk-based audit approach - Audit types and stages ( initiation, planning, execution, reporting) - Audit scope and objectives - Audit evidence collection techniques - Audit sampling methodology
Certification and Accreditation Framework	15%	- Principles of certification bodies - Certification decision process - Surveillance and re-certification audits - ISO/IEC 17021-1 requirements for certification bodies - Audit report preparation and documentation
ISMS Audit Based on ISO 19011 and ISO/IEC 17021-1	25%	- Auditing risk assessment and treatment processes - Continual improvement processes - Auditing the context of the organization - Measuring, monitoring, and reporting ISMS performance - Auditing control selection and implementation (Annex A) - Auditing leadership commitment - Auditing organizational structure and roles
Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) and the ISO/IEC 27001 Standard	15%	- Fundamental principles and concepts of information security - Regulatory and legal considerations in information security - Overview of ISO/IEC 27001 and its relationship with ISO/IEC 27002
Audit Lifecycle and Competencies of the Lead Auditor	25%	- Conflict resolution during audits - Managing audit relationships with audited parties - Audit follow-up and corrective action verification - Leading an audit team - Audit communication strategies

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PECB Certified ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor exam Sample Questions (Q88-Q93):

NEW QUESTION # 88
You are an audit team leader who has just completed a third-party audit of a mobile telecommunication provider. You are preparing your audit report and are just about to complete a section headed 'confidentiality'.
An auditor in training on your team asks you if there are any circumstances under which the confidential report can be released to third parties.
Which four of the following responses are false?

A. Although we advise the client the report is confidential we can decide to release it to third parties if we feel this is justified. We would always tell the client afterwards
B. Any auditor employed by the auditing organisation can access the audit report
C. If the third party has gained a legal notice for us to disclose the report then we must do so. In all such cases we would advise the audit client and, as appropriate, the auditee
D. Subcontracted auditors are considered to be third parties regarding confidentiality and are therefore typically bound by confidentiality agreements
E. There are no circumstances under which the report can be released to a third party. Confidential means confidential and releasing the document would be a breach of trust
F. The starting position is always that third parties have no automatic right to access an audit report
G. Our duty of confidentiality is not something that lasts forever. As a certification body, we can decide how long we wish to keep reports confidential. After this, they can be accessed by third parties making a subject access request
H. The report can be released to third parties but only with the explicit, prior approval of the audit client

Answer: A,B,D,G

Explanation:
Explanation
The audit report is a confidential document that contains sensitive information about the auditee's ISMS and its performance. The audit team has a duty to protect the confidentiality of the audit report and only disclose it to authorized parties, such as the audit client, the certification body, and the accreditation body. Therefore, the following responses are false:
* A: The audit team cannot decide to release the report to third parties without the consent of the audit client, as this would breach the confidentiality agreement and the audit code of conduct. The audit team should always inform the audit client before disclosing the report to any third party, and obtain their explicit, prior approval.
* F: Not every auditor employed by the auditing organization can access the audit report, as this would violate the principle of need-to-know. Only auditors who are involved in the audit process, such as the audit team leader, the audit team members, the audit programme manager, and the certification decision maker, can access the audit report. Other auditors who are not related to the audit have no legitimate reason to access the report, and should be prevented from doing so by appropriate security measures.
* G: The duty of confidentiality does not expire after a certain period of time, as this would compromise the trust and integrity of the audit process. The audit report remains confidential indefinitely, unless
* there is a legal or contractual obligation to disclose it, or the audit client agrees to release it. Third parties cannot access the audit report by making a subject access request, as this would infringe the privacy and data protection rights of the audit client and the auditee.
* H: Subcontracted auditors are not considered to be third parties regarding confidentiality, as they are part of the audit team and have a contractual relationship with the auditing organization. Subcontracted auditors are typically bound by the same confidentiality agreement and audit code of conduct as the employed auditors, and have the same rights and responsibilities to access and protect the audit report.
References: =
* ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clause 9.2, Internal audit
* ISO/IEC 27006:2015, clause 7.2.3, Confidentiality
* PECB Candidate Handbook ISO 27001 Lead Auditor, page 22, Audit Report
* PECB Candidate Handbook ISO 27001 Lead Auditor, page 24, Audit Code of Conduct

NEW QUESTION # 89
As the Information Security Management System audit team leader, you are conducting a second-party audit of an international logistics company on behalf of an online retailer. During the audit, one of your team members reports a nonconformity relating to control 5.18 (Access rights) of Appendix A of ISO/IEC 27001:
2022. She found evidence that removing the server access protocols of 20 people who left in the last 3 months took up to 1 week whereas the policy required removing access within 24 hours of their departure.
When the auditee was asked why there was a delay in removing access they replied, 'no one was available in the IT department during that period as a result of COVID-19. As soon as an IT officer became available the rights were removed.
You note that she intends to raise a minor non-conformity against Access rights control (5.18). How should you respond to this?

A. Require additional audit evidence to be obtained before determining whether a non-conformity is appropriate.
B. Disagree with the raising of a minor conformity as appropriate action was taken at the earliest opportunity Take no further action.
C. Agree with the raising of the minor non-conformity against 5.18.
D. Disagree with the raising of the minor nonconformity, there is sufficient evidence to justify an escalation to a major non-conformity.
E. Agree with the raising of a minor non-conformity but against control 5.15, not 5.18.
F. Disagree with the raising of the minor nonconformity as appropriate action was taken at the earliest opportunity. Instead raise an opportunity for improvement.

Answer: E

NEW QUESTION # 90
Scenario 5
CyberShielding Systems Inc. provides security services spanning the entire information technology infrastructure. It provides cybersecurity software, including endpoint security, firewalls, and antivirus software. CyberShielding Systems Inc. has helped various companies secure their networks for two decades through advanced products and services. Having achieved a reputation in the information and network security sector, CyberShielding Systems Inc. decided to implement a security information management system (ISMS) based on ISO/IEC 27001 and obtain a certification to better secure its internal and customer assets and gain a competitive advantage.
The certification body initiated the process by selecting the audit team for CyberShielding Systems Inc.'s ISO
/IEC 27001 certification. They provided the company with the name and background information of each audit member. However, upon review, CyberShielding Systems Inc. discovered that one of the auditors did not hold the security clearance required by them. Consequently, the company objected to the appointment of this auditor. Upon review, the certification body replaced the auditor in response to CyberShielding Systems Inc.'s objection.
As part of the audit process, CyberShielding Systems Inc.'s approach to risk and opportunity determination was assessed as a standalone activity. This involved examining the organization's methods for identifying and managing risks and opportunities. The audit team's core objectives encompassed providing assurance on the effectiveness of CyberShielding Systems Inc.'s risk and opportunity identification mechanisms and reviewing the organization's strategies for addressing these determined risks and opportunities. During this, the audit team also identified a risk due to a lack of oversight in the firewall configuration review process, where changes were implemented without proper approval, potentially exposing the company to vulnerabilities. This finding highlighted the need for stronger internal controls to prevent such issues.
The audit team accessed process descriptions and organizational charts to understand the main business processes and controls. They performed a limited analysis of the IT risks and controls because their access to the IT infrastructure and applications was limited by third-party service provider restrictions. However, the audit team stated that the risk of a significant defect occurring in CyberShielding's ISMS was low since most of the company's processes were automated. They therefore evaluated that the ISMS, as a whole, conforms to the standard requirements by questioning CyberShielding representatives on IT responsibilities, control effectiveness, and anti-malware measures. CyberShielding's representatives provided sufficient and appropriate evidence to address all these questions.
Despite the agreement signed before the audit, which outlined the audit scope, criteria, and objectives, the audit was primarily focused on assessing conformity with established criteria and ensuring compliance with statutory and regulatory requirements.
Question
Was the audit team's assessment of CyberShielding Systems Inc.'s risk and opportunity determination conducted in accordance with established auditing norms? Refer to Scenario 5.

A. No, unless CyberShielding Systems Inc. explicitly requested an independent assessment.
B. No, conducting standalone assessments is not recommended; it should be implicit during the entire audit of a management system.
C. Yes, conducting the assessment independently is a recommended practice.

Answer: C

Explanation:
The audit team's approach to assessing risk and opportunity determination as a standalone activity is in line with established auditing norms, making option A the correct answer. ISO/IEC 27001:2022 requires organizations to identify risks and opportunities related to the ISMS and to plan actions to address them. From an audit perspective, ISO 19011 allows auditors to structure audit activities in a way that ensures effective coverage of critical requirements.
Assessing risk and opportunity determination independently does not violate auditing principles, provided it remains connected to the overall management system context. In practice, auditors often examine risk management as a distinct audit trail because it is a foundational element that influences many other ISMS processes, including control selection, operational planning, and continual improvement. Conducting a focused assessment enables auditors to evaluate whether risks are identified systematically, whether opportunities are considered, and whether treatment plans are appropriate and effective.
Option C is incorrect because although risk and opportunity management should be embedded throughout the ISMS, auditing it as a standalone activity does not contradict this principle. It is an audit structuring decision rather than a management system design issue. Option B is incorrect because auditors do not require explicit auditee requests to structure audit activities independently; they are responsible for designing the audit approach.
Therefore, the audit team's standalone assessment of risk and opportunity determination aligns with recommended auditing practices.

NEW QUESTION # 91
You are performing an ISMS audit at a residential nursing home that provides healthcare services and are reviewing the Software Code Management (SCM) system. You found a total of 10 user accounts on the SCM.
You confirm that one of the users, Scott, resigned 9-months
ago. The SCM System Administrator confirmed Scott's last check-out of the source code was found 1 month ago. He was using one of the uthorized desktops from the local network in a secure area.
You check with the user de-registration procedure which states "Managers have to make sure of deregistration of the user account and authorisation immediately from the relevant ICT system and/or equipment after resignation approval." There was no deregistration record for user Scott.
The IT Security Manager explains that Scott still comes back to the office every month after he resigned to provide support on source code maintenance. That's why his account on SCM still exists.
You would like to investigate other areas further to collect more audit evidence. Select three options that would not be valid audit trails.

A. Collect more evidence on where Scott kept the source code that he checked out and how it was secured.
(Relevant to control A.8.4)
B. Collect more evidence of why Scott resigned and whether his re-engagement represents a conflict of interest. (relevant to control A.5.3)
C. Collect more evidence on how the organization pays for Scott's source code maintenance support service. (Relevant to control A.6.2)
D. Collect more evidence on how Scott can access the secure area. (Relevant to control A.8.4)
E. Collect more evidence on how Scott can access the employee's desktop and local network. (Relevant to control A.5.15)
F. Collect more evidence on how access controls are periodically reviewed to maintain security (Relevant to control A.5.35)
G. Collect more evidence on how the transition of Scott from full-time to part-time employment was managed (relevant to control A.6.5)
H. Collect more evidence from Scott's background verification checks performed by the human resource department under the new employment relationship. (Relevant to control A.6.1)

Answer: B,C,G

Explanation:
The options B, D, and G are not valid audit trails because they are not directly related to the ISMS requirements or the audit criteria. They are more relevant to the human resource management or the contractual arrangements of the organization, which are outside the scope of the ISMS audit. The other options are valid audit trails because they can provide evidence of how the organization implements and maintains the ISMS controls related to access control, secure areas, and information security aspects of business continuity management. References:
PECB Candidate Handbook ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor, page 16, section 4.2.1 ISO/IEC 27001:2013, clauses A.5.3, A.5.15, A.5.35, A.6.1, A.6.2, A.6.5, A.8.4, A.17.1 ISO 19011:2018, clause 6.2.2

NEW QUESTION # 92
Which controls are related to the Annex A controls of ISO/IEC 27001 and are often selected from other guides and standards or defined by the organization to meet its specific needs?

A. General controls
B. Specific controls
C. Strategic controls

Answer: B

Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth
Specific controls are tailored security controls chosen based on risk assessments, industry best practices, and regulatory requirements. These align with ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A controls, which organizations select based on their risk landscape.
General controls refer to broad security measures that apply to all organizations.
Strategic controls focus on high-level governance and long-term security goals, not detailed security implementations.

NEW QUESTION # 93
......

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