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EC-COUNCIL 112-57 Exam Syllabus Topics:

Topic	Details
Topic 1	Understanding Hard Disks and File Systems: This module covers disk structures, types of storage drives, and operating system boot processes. It also explains how investigators analyze file systems and recover deleted data.
Topic 2	Investigating Web Attacks: This module focuses on analyzing web application attacks through server logs and detecting malicious activities targeting web servers and applications.
Topic 3	Defeating Anti-forensics Techniques: This module discusses anti-forensic methods used to hide or destroy evidence. It also explains techniques investigators use to detect hidden data and recover deleted or protected information.
Topic 4	Windows Forensics: This module covers forensic investigation in Windows systems, including analysis of memory, registry data, browser artifacts, and file metadata to identify system and user activities.
Topic 5	Data Acquisition and Duplication: This module focuses on methods for collecting and duplicating digital evidence. It explains acquisition techniques, formats, and procedures used to create forensic images and capture system memory.
Topic 6	Network Forensics: This module introduces network forensic concepts, including event correlation, analyzing network logs, identifying indicators of compromise, and investigating network traffic.
Topic 7	Linux and Mac Forensics: This module explains forensic analysis techniques for Linux and Mac systems. It focuses on analyzing system data, file systems, and memory to recover digital evidence.
Topic 8	Computer Forensics Investigation Process: This module explains the phases of the forensic investigation process, including pre-investigation, investigation, and post-investigation. It also covers evidence integrity methods such as hashing and disk imaging.
Topic 9	Malware Forensics: This module introduces malware investigation techniques, including static and dynamic analysis, and examining system and network behavior to understand malicious activity.
Topic 10	Dark Web Forensics: This module explains the investigation of dark web activities, including analyzing artifacts related to the Tor browser and identifying dark web usage on systems.
Topic 11	Computer Forensics Fundamentals: This module introduces the core concepts of computer forensics, including digital evidence, forensic readiness, and the role of investigators. It also explains legal and compliance requirements involved in forensic investigations.

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EC-COUNCIL EC-Council Digital Forensics Essentials (DFE) Sample Questions (Q64-Q69):

NEW QUESTION # 64
Below are the various steps involved in forensic readiness planning.
Keep an incident response team ready to review the incident and preserve the evidence.
Create a process for documenting the procedure.
Identify the potential evidence required for an incident.
Determine the sources of evidence.
Establish a legal advisory board to guide the investigation process.
Identify if the incident requires full or formal investigation.
Establish a policy for securely handling and storing the collected evidence.
Define a policy that determines the pathway to legally extract electronic evidence with minimal disruption.
Identify the correct sequence of steps involved in forensic readiness planning.

A. 3-->4-->8-->7-->6-->2-->5-->1
B. 3-->1-->4-->5-->8-->2-->6-->7
C. 2-->3-->1-->4-->6-->5-->7-->8
D. 1-->2-->3-->4-->5-->6-->7-->8

Answer: A

Explanation:
Forensic readiness planning focuses on ensuring an organization canlegally, efficiently, and reliablycollect usable digital evidence before an incident occurs. The planning sequence typically begins by definingwhat evidence would be neededto support likely incidents (3) and then mappingwhere that evidence residesacross systems, services, logs, endpoints, and network components (4). Once evidence needs and sources are known, readiness requires alegally compliant extraction pathwaythat minimizes business disruption and prevents evidence contamination (8). After defining extraction, an organization must formalizesecure handling and storage policies(chain of custody, access control, retention, integrity protection) so collected evidence remains admissible and trustworthy (7).
With those foundations in place, the organization can define decision criteria forwhen an event becomes a formal investigationand triggers deeper forensic procedures (6). A structureddocumentation processis then set so actions taken during acquisition and analysis are repeatable and defensible (2). Governance is reinforced by establishinglegal oversight/advisory supportto ensure compliance with jurisdictional requirements and internal policy (5). Finally, the plan is operationalized by ensuring anincident response team is preparedto preserve evidence promptly when incidents occur (1). Hence,3#4#8#7#6#2#5#1is the correct sequence.

NEW QUESTION # 65
Which of the following standards and criteria version of SWGDE mandates that any action with the potential to alter, damage, or destroy any aspect of original evidence must be performed by qualified persons in a forensically sound manner?

A. Standards and Criteria 1.5
B. Standards and Criteria 1.7
C. Standards and Criteria 1.1
D. Standards and Criteria 1.3

Answer: B

Explanation:
The statement in the question matchesSWGDE Principle 1, Standards and Criteria 1.7, which explicitly requires thatany action that could alter, damage, or destroy original digital evidence must be performed by qualified personnel in a forensically sound manner. In digital forensics doctrine, this requirement exists because digital evidence is highly fragile: routine interactions (booting a system, opening a file, connecting storage, running commands) can change timestamps, overwrite unallocated space, modify logs, or trigger encryption/key rotation. SWGDE's emphasis on "qualified persons" and "forensically sound manner" aligns with core evidentiary expectations: minimizing changes to original media, using controlled and repeatable methods (e.g., write-blocking, validated imaging, documented procedures), and ensuring actions are defensible under scrutiny.
Options 1.1, 1.3, and 1.5 relate to broader quality and procedural requirements (quality systems, SOP review, appropriate tools), but they do not contain the specific mandate about potentially altering original evidence.
The exact phrasing about alteration/damage/destruction and qualified handling is associated withStandards and Criteria 1.7, makingBthe correct choice.

NEW QUESTION # 66
Michael, a forensic expert, was assigned to investigate an incident that involved unauthorized intrusion attempts. In this process, Michael identified all the open ports on a system and disabled them because these open ports can allow attackers to install malicious services and compromise the security of the system or network.
Which of the following commands assisted Michael in identifying open ports in the above scenario?

A. netstat -rn
B. nmap -sT localhost
C. ifconfig <interface> -promisc
D. netstat -i

Answer: B

Explanation:
To identifyopen ports, investigators need a method that actively checks which TCP/UDP ports on a host are accepting connections. The commandnmap -sT localhostperforms aTCP Connect scanagainst the local system. In a connect scan, Nmap uses the operating system's normal networking API to attempt a full TCP three-way handshake to each targeted port. If the handshake completes, the port is reported asopen; if it is refused, it isclosed; and if filtered by firewall rules, it may appearfiltered. This directly supports Michael's objective of enumerating open ports so they can be reviewed and disabled to reduce the attack surface and prevent malicious services from being installed.
The other options do not enumerate open ports in the same way.netstat -ishows interface-level statistics (packets, errors) rather than listing listening services.netstat -rndisplays the routing table (routes and gateways), which helps understand network paths but not which ports are open.ifconfig <interface> -promisc relates to enabling/disabling promiscuous mode on an interface for packet capture, not port discovery.
Therefore, the command that assisted in identifying open ports isnmap -sT localhost (C).

NEW QUESTION # 67
Bob, a network specialist in an organization, is attempting to identify malicious activities in the network. In this process, Bob analyzed specific data that provided him a summary of a conversation between two network devices, including a source IP and source port, a destination IP and destination port, the duration of the conversation, and the information shared during the conversation.
Which of the following types of network-based evidence was collected by Bob in the above scenario?

A. Statistical data
B. Full content data
C. Session data
D. Alert data

Answer: C

Explanation:
The description matchessession data, often calledflow records(for example, NetFlow/IPFIX-style evidence).
In network forensics, session/flow evidence summarizes a communication "conversation" between two endpoints using the5-tuple(source IP, source port, destination IP, destination port, and protocol) and typically addsstart/end time or duration,bytes/packets sent, and sometimes directionality. This allows an investigator to reconstructwho talked to whom, when, and for how long, even when packet payloads are unavailable (because of encryption, storage limits, or privacy constraints).
"Full content data" refers to complete packet captures (PCAP) containing payload bytes; that is far more detailed and would include the actual transmitted content, not just a summary. "Statistical data" is broader aggregate metrics (overall bandwidth trends, interface counters) and generally lacks per-conversation attribution. "Alert data" comes from IDS/IPS/SIEM detections and represents triggered events or signatures, not a neutral conversation summary.
Because Bob's evidence contains per-connection identifiers (IPs/ports) and conversation duration-typical of flow/session summaries-the correct evidence type isSession data (C).

NEW QUESTION # 68
Which of the following techniques is used to compute the hash value for a given binary code to uniquely identify malware or periodically verify changes made to the binary code during analysis?

A. Strings search
B. Local and online malware scanning
C. File fingerprinting
D. Malware disassembly

Answer: C

Explanation:
File fingerprintingis the forensic technique of generating acryptographic hash(such as MD5, SHA-1, SHA-
256) for a file to create aunique, repeatable identifierfor that exact byte sequence. In malware forensics, analysts compute hashes to (1)uniquely identifya suspicious binary across cases and tools, (2) confirm whether two samples are identical or different variants, and (3)verify integrity over time-for example, ensuring the sample did not change during copying, extraction, sandbox handling, or during an analysis workflow that might inadvertently modify the file (e.g., patching, unpacking outputs, or tool-side normalization). Re-hashing at different stages provides a defensible way to demonstrate that the analyzed artifact is the same as the acquired artifact, supporting evidentiary integrity and chain-of-custody principles commonly emphasized in digital forensics documentation.
The other techniques do not primarily serve this purpose.Strings searchextracts readable text fragments but does not produce a unique integrity identifier.Local and online malware scanninguses signatures/reputation and may identify families, but it is not an integrity verification mechanism for the exact file bytes.Malware disassemblyhelps understand logic and instructions, not compute an identity hash. Therefore, the correct answer isFile fingerprinting (A).

NEW QUESTION # 69
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