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EC-COUNCIL 112-57 Exam Syllabus Topics:

TopicDetails
Topic 1
  • Linux and Mac Forensics: This module explains forensic analysis techniques for Linux and Mac systems. It focuses on analyzing system data, file systems, and memory to recover digital evidence.
Topic 2
  • Investigating Email Crimes: This module covers the basics of email systems and the process of investigating suspicious emails to identify potential cybercrime evidence.
Topic 3
  • Windows Forensics: This module covers forensic investigation in Windows systems, including analysis of memory, registry data, browser artifacts, and file metadata to identify system and user activities.
Topic 4
  • Data Acquisition and Duplication: This module focuses on methods for collecting and duplicating digital evidence. It explains acquisition techniques, formats, and procedures used to create forensic images and capture system memory.
Topic 5
  • Investigating Web Attacks: This module focuses on analyzing web application attacks through server logs and detecting malicious activities targeting web servers and applications.
Topic 6
  • Malware Forensics: This module introduces malware investigation techniques, including static and dynamic analysis, and examining system and network behavior to understand malicious activity.
Topic 7
  • Defeating Anti-forensics Techniques: This module discusses anti-forensic methods used to hide or destroy evidence. It also explains techniques investigators use to detect hidden data and recover deleted or protected information.
Topic 8
  • Computer Forensics Fundamentals: This module introduces the core concepts of computer forensics, including digital evidence, forensic readiness, and the role of investigators. It also explains legal and compliance requirements involved in forensic investigations.
Topic 9
  • Network Forensics: This module introduces network forensic concepts, including event correlation, analyzing network logs, identifying indicators of compromise, and investigating network traffic.
Topic 10
  • Computer Forensics Investigation Process: This module explains the phases of the forensic investigation process, including pre-investigation, investigation, and post-investigation. It also covers evidence integrity methods such as hashing and disk imaging.
Topic 11
  • Dark Web Forensics: This module explains the investigation of dark web activities, including analyzing artifacts related to the Tor browser and identifying dark web usage on systems.

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EC-COUNCIL EC-Council Digital Forensics Essentials (DFE) Sample Questions (Q13-Q18):

NEW QUESTION # 13
Bob, a forensic investigator, was instructed to review a Windows machine and identify any anonymous activities performed using it. In this process, Bob used the command "netstat -ano" to view all the active connections in the system and determined that the connections established by the Tor browser were closed.
Which of the following states of the connections established by Tor indicates that the Tor browser is closed?

Answer: D

Explanation:
In Windows network forensics,netstat -anois commonly used to correlateTCP connection stateswithprocess identifiers (PIDs)to understand which application created or used a connection. When Tor Browser is actively communicating, outbound circuits typically appear asESTABLISHEDconnections to Tor relays (entry/guard nodes) or local loopback endpoints used by Tor components. After the browser is closed and the application tears down connections, Windows TCP/IP behavior often leaves recently closed sockets inTIME_WAIT.
TIME_WAITis a normal TCP state that appears after a connection has been actively closed. It exists to ensure delayed packets from the old session are not misinterpreted as belonging to a new session and to allow proper retransmission of the final ACK if needed. From an investigative standpoint, seeing Tor-related endpoints transition from ESTABLISHED toTIME_WAITstrongly indicates the sessions were terminated and the application is no longer maintaining live network traffic.
By contrast,CLOSE_WAITusually means the remote side has closed but the local application has not fully closed its socket yet,LISTENINGindicates a service waiting for inbound connections, andESTABLISHEDmeans the session is still active. Therefore,TIME_WAIT (B)best indicates Tor Browser connections have been closed.


NEW QUESTION # 14
In which of the following attacks does an attacker trick high-profile executives such as CEOs, CFOs, politicians, and celebrities to reveal critical corporate and personal information through email or website spoofing?

Answer: A

Explanation:
The scenario describes a targeted social-engineering attack aimed specifically athigh-profile individuals (CEOs, CFOs, politicians, celebrities) and usesemail or website spoofingto deceive them into disclosing sensitive information. In digital forensics and incident response documentation, this is most accurately categorized aswhaling, a specialized form of phishing that focuses on "big targets" (often called "high-value targets" or "VIPs"). Whaling campaigns typically use highly tailored pretexts (e.g., legal subpoenas, board communications, invoice/payment requests, HR or executive directives) and may include spoofed sender domains, look-alike websites, or fraudulent login pages to harvest credentials and confidential corporate data.
Because executives often have access to financial systems, strategic documents, and privileged communications, attackers concentrate effort on realism and personalization, making whaling distinct from broad, generic phishing.
By contrast,smishingis phishing conducted via SMS/text messages,spimmingis spam over instant messaging platforms, andidentity fraudis a broader category involving impersonation/misuse of personal data but does not specifically denote the executive-targeted spoofing technique described. Therefore, the attack type in the question isWhaling (A).


NEW QUESTION # 15
Which of the following titles of The Electronic Communications Privacy Act protects the privacy of the contents of files stored by service providers and records held about the subscriber by service providers, such as subscriber name, billing records, and IP addresses?

Answer: C

Explanation:
Under the Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA),Title IIis commonly known as theStored Communications Act (SCA). Digital forensics and e-discovery references treat the SCA as the key legal framework governing access tostored electronic communications and associated subscriber/account recordsheld by service providers. The question specifically mentions (1) "contents of files stored by service providers" and (2) "records held about the subscriber ... such as subscriber name, billing records, and IP addresses." These map directly to the SCA's two broad categories:content(what a communication or stored file contains) andnon-content records(subscriber identity, connection logs, billing information, IP assignment
/history, and related transactional metadata).
From an investigative perspective, Title II matters because it sets the legal process and restrictions for compelled disclosure-typically requiring different forms of legal process depending on whether the investigator seekscontentversussubscriber/transactional records, and depending on factors like how the data is stored and retention timeframes. In contrast,Title Ifocuses on real-time interception (wiretap-style capture), andTitle IIIaddresses pen register/trap-and-trace style dialing/routing information rather than stored content.
Therefore, the correct title isTitle II (Option A).


NEW QUESTION # 16
Given below are different steps involved in event correlation.
Event masking
Event aggregation
Root cause analysis
Event filtering
Identify the correct sequence of steps involved in event correlation.

Answer: C

Explanation:
In event correlation (as applied in SOC/SIEM-driven investigations), the workflow typically starts byreducing complexityandnormalizing what "one incident" looks likebefore attempting conclusions about causality.Event aggregation (2)is performed early to combine multiple low-level, related events (for example repeated authentication failures, repeated firewall denies, or multiple IDS hits for the same signature) into higher-level
"grouped" records. This prevents analysts from treating every raw log line as a separate incident and makes correlation computationally and operationally feasible.
Next,event masking (1)suppresses events that are already known to be irrelevant or repetitive in a way that does not add investigative value (for example, routine scheduled scans, approved admin tools, or duplicate alerts already represented in the aggregated set). After masking,event filtering (4)further removes remaining noise using rules, thresholds, whitelists, time windows, or relevance criteria (scope, asset criticality, and known-benign sources), leaving a cleaner dataset that represents probable security-relevant activity.
Only after the dataset is consolidated and noise-reduced doesroot cause analysis (3)become reliable, because RCA depends on a clear chain of correlated events to identify the initiating action and propagation path.
Hence the correct sequence is2 # 1 # 4 # 3 (Option B).


NEW QUESTION # 17
Harry, a security professional, was hired to identify the details of an attack that was initiated on a Windows system. In this process, Harry decided to check the logs of currently running applications and the information related to previously uninstalled or removed applications for suspicious events.
Which of the following folders in a Windows system stores information on applications run on the system?

Answer: A

Explanation:
On Windows systems, thePrefetchfeature records execution-related artifacts to speed up subsequent program launches. When an executable is run, Windows often creates a.pf prefetch fileinC:\Windows\Prefetchthat contains valuable forensic indicators such as the executable name (mapped into the prefetch filename), last run time(s) (depending on Windows version), run count (in many versions), and a list of files and directories referenced during startup. Because these artifacts can persist even after an application is lateruninstalled or deleted, investigators commonly use the Prefetch directory to demonstrate that a program executed on a host and to help build timelines around suspicious activity. This is especially useful in intrusion investigations for identifying the execution of attacker tools, droppers, scripts launched via interpreters, or renamed binaries.
The other options are not standard repositories for program execution history.C:\Windows\debugmay contain specific debug logs for certain components but is not the canonical execution-tracking folder.C:
\Windows\BookandC:\subdirare not standard Windows forensic artifact locations. Therefore, the folder that stores information on applications run on the system isC:\Windows\Prefetch (C).


NEW QUESTION # 18
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