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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Airway, Respiration and Ventilation | - Airway Management
|
| EMS Operations | - Operational Procedures
|
| Cardiology and Resuscitation | - Cardiac Emergencies
|
| Trauma | - Trauma Assessment and Care
|
| Medical, Obstetrics and Gynecology | - Medical Emergencies
|
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NEW QUESTION # 234
A 28-year-old patient was in a physical altercation. Which of the following signs or symptoms would most likely indicate this patient has a significant brain injury? Select the two answer options that are correct.
Answer: C,E
Explanation:
The correct answers are A. Bradycardia and C. Unequal pupils.
Why A and C are correct:
These findings are classic indicators of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) and significant brain injury.
* Part of Cushing's Triad (late sign of increased ICP)
* Indicates brainstem involvement and impending herniation
* Suggests brain compression or herniation
* Indicates pressure on cranial nerves (especially CN III)
NREMT-aligned guidance states:
* "Signs of increased intracranial pressure include bradycardia and unequal pupils."
* "Changes in pupillary size and reactivity indicate neurologic deterioration." Why the other options are incorrect:
* B. Hypotension: More indicative of shock, not isolated brain injury (brain injury often presents with hypertension, not hypotension).
* D. Cold, clammy skin: Suggests hypovolemic shock, not brain injury.
* E. Delayed capillary refill: Also indicates poor perfusion/shock, not specific to brain injury.
Exact Extracts:
* "Increased intracranial pressure may present with bradycardia."
* "Unequal pupils are a sign of brain injury and possible herniation."
* "Cushing's response includes bradycardia and hypertension."
References:
NREMT EMT Education Standards - Trauma (Head Injury)
NREMT National Continued Competency Program (NCCP) - Neurologic Emergencies Prehospital Emergency Care (EMT) - Head and Brain Injuries
NEW QUESTION # 235
You are assessing a 26-year-old male pedestrian who was hit by a car. His vital signs are BP 86/64, P 128, and R 24. You should most likely suspect
Answer: B
Explanation:
Look at the vital signs pattern first: low blood pressure (86 systolic) + high pulse (128) . This tells you the body is no longer maintaining adequate perfusion , meaning compensation has failed.
In EMT training, compensated shock still has a normal blood pressure , even though heart rate and breathing increase. Once hypotension develops , the patient has progressed to decompensated shock .
So the key deciding factor here is the low BP , which makes this decompensated shock , not compensated.
NEW QUESTION # 236
A patient is having an asthmatic attack. The EMT receives orders from medical control to assist with the patient's inhaler. What are the expected side effects of this medication? Select the three correct options.
Answer: A,B,E
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
Albuterol, a commonbeta-2 adrenergic agonistused in inhalers, stimulates bronchial smooth muscle relaxation. However, stimulation of beta receptors can also produce systemic effects such as:
* Tachycardia(due to beta-1 cross-reactivity)
* Nervousness(from central stimulation)
* Coughing(a local airway response)
Confusion and drowsiness are not typical side effects of beta-agonists. Hypotension is rare unless severe overdose occurs.
References:
NREMT Scope of Practice Model - Medication Administration
American Heart Association BLS and ACLS Drug List
"Emergency Care and Transportation of the Sick and Injured" (AAOS, 11th ed.), Chapter on Respiratory Emergencies
NEW QUESTION # 237
A 30-year-old patient is injured in a motor vehicle collision. The patient cannot move their diaphragm, and they are apneic. In which of the following locations should the EMT suspect the spinal injury occurred?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The diaphragm is innervated by the phrenic nerve, which originates from spinal nerve roots C3-C5. NREMT teaching highlights the phrase: "C3, 4, and 5 keep the diaphragm alive." Option A (C4) is correct because an injury at or above this level can paralyze the diaphragm, resulting in apnea and immediate respiratory failure.
Option B (T1) and C (T3) affect intercostal muscles but not the diaphragm.
Option D (L4) affects lower extremity function only.
NREMT emphasizes that high cervical spine injuries are immediately life-threatening due to loss of ventilatory control.
NEW QUESTION # 238
A 13-year-old patient has partial- and full-thickness burns to the chest and both arms after falling into a campfire. What actions should the EMT take for this patient? Select the two answer options that are correct.
Answer: A,C
Explanation:
The correct answers are A and B because EMT burn care focuses on preventing further injury, reducing contamination, and preparing for rapid transport .
Removing jewelry is essential because burned tissues will swell, and constricting items can compromise circulation. Covering the burns with a dry, sterile sheet helps protect against infection and reduces heat loss, which is critical in moderate-to-severe burns.
NREMT-aligned guidance emphasizes avoiding prolonged cooling in significant burns, not applying ointments, and not removing adhered clothing, while prioritizing sterile covering and transport.
NEW QUESTION # 239
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