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The Certified Information Systems Auditor (CISA) certification is a globally recognized certification for professionals who audit, control, monitor, and assess an organization's information technology and business systems. Certified Information Systems Auditor certification is offered by the Information Systems Audit and Control Association (ISACA), a professional association that provides knowledge, certifications, and education in information systems governance, security, and audit. The CISA Certification is designed to ensure that the professionals who hold it possess the necessary knowledge and skills to conduct IT audits and evaluate the security and control of an organization's information systems.
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ISACA CISA (Certified Information Systems Auditor) exam is an internationally recognized certification that is designed for IT professionals who want to specialize in information systems auditing, control, and security. Certified Information Systems Auditor certification is awarded by the Information Systems Audit and Control Association (ISACA), which is a globally recognized professional association for IT governance, security, and auditing.
NEW QUESTION # 516
Which of the following systems-based approaches would a financial processing company employ to monitor spending patterns to identify abnormal patterns and report them?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
A neural network will monitor and learn patterns, reporting exceptions for investigation.
Incorrect answers:
B. Database management software is a method of storing and retrieving datA.
C. Management information systems provide management statistics but do not normally have a monitoring and detection function.
D. Computer-assisted audit techniques detect specific situations, but are not intended to learn patterns and detect abnormalities.
NEW QUESTION # 517
Which of the following should an IS auditor recommend be done FIRST when an organization is made aware of a new regulation that is likely to impact IT security requirements?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The first thing that an IS auditor should recommend when an organization is made aware of a new regulation that is likely to impact IT security requirements is to determine which systems and IT-related processes may be impacted. This is because the impact assessment is a crucial step to understand the scope and magnitude of the changes that the new regulation may entail, as well as the potential risks and gaps that need to be addressed. The impact assessment can help the organization to prioritize and plan the necessary actions and resources to comply with the new regulation in a timely and effective manner12.
Updating security policies based on the new regulation is not the first thing to do, because it requires a clear understanding of the impact and implications of the new regulation, which can only be obtained after conducting an impact assessment. Updating security policies without an impact assessment may result in incomplete, inconsistent, or ineffective policies that may not meet the regulatory requirements or the organizational needs12.
Evaluating how security awareness and training content may be impacted is not the first thing to do, because it is a secondary or supporting activity that depends on the results of the impact assessment and the policy updates. Evaluating security awareness and training content without an impact assessment or policy updates may result in inaccurate, outdated, or irrelevant content that may not reflect the regulatory requirements or the organizational expectations34.
Reviewing the design and effectiveness of existing IT controls is not the first thing to do, because it is a monitoring or assurance activity that follows the implementation of the changes based on the impact assessment and the policy updates. Reviewing IT controls without an impact assessment or policy updates may result in misleading, incomplete, or invalid findings that may not capture the regulatory requirements or the organizational performance
NEW QUESTION # 518
Which of the following protocol is PRIMARILY used to provide confidentiality in a web based application thus protecting data sent across a client machine and a server?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
The Secure Socket Layer (SSL) Protocol is primarily used to provide confidentiality to the information sent across clients and servers.
For your exam you should know the information below:
The Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) is a commonly-used protocol for managing the security of a message transmitted over a public network such as the Internet.
SSL has recently been succeeded by Transport Layer Security (TLS), which is based on SSL.SSL uses a program layer located between the Internet's Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and Transport Control Protocol (TCP) layers.
SSL is included as part of both the Microsoft and Netscape browsers and most Web server products.
Developed by Netscape, SSL also gained the support of Microsoft and other Internet client/server developers as well and became the de facto standard until evolving into Transport Layer Security. The
"sockets" part of the term refers to the sockets method of passing data back and forth between a client and a server program in a network or between program layers in the same computer.SSL uses the public-and- private key encryption system from RSA, which also includes the use of a digital certificate. Later on SSL uses a Session Key along a Symmetric Cipher for the bulk of the data.
TLS and SSL are an integral part of most Web browsers (clients) and Web servers. If a Web site is on a server that supports SSL, SSL can be enabled and specific Web pages can be identified as requiring SSL access. Any Web server can be enabled by using Netscape's SSLRef program library which can be downloaded for noncommercial use or licensed for commercial use.
TLS and SSL are not interoperable. However, a message sent with TLS can be handled by a client that handles SSL but not TLS.
The SSL handshake
A HTTP-based SSL connection is always initiated by the client using a URL starting with https:// instead of with http://. At the beginning of an SSL session, an SSL handshake is performed. This handshake produces the cryptographic parameters of the session. A simplified overview of how the SSL handshake is processed is shown in the diagram below.
SSL Handshake
Image Reference - http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/tividd/td/ITAME/SC32-1363-00/en_US/HTML/ handshak.gif The client sends a client "hello" message that lists the cryptographic capabilities of the client (sorted in client preference order), such as the version of SSL, the cipher suites supported by the client, and the data compression methods supported by the client. The message also contains a 28-byte random number.
The server responds with a server "hello" message that contains the cryptographic method (cipher suite) and the data compression method selected by the server, the session ID, and another random number.
Note:
The client and the server must support at least one common cipher suite, or else the handshake fails. The server generally chooses the strongest common cipher suite.
The server sends its digital certificate. (In this example, the server uses X.509 V3 digital certificates with SSL.) If the server uses SSL V3, and if the server application (for example, the Web server) requires a digital certificate for client authentication, the server sends a "digital certificate request" message. In the "digital certificate request" message, the server sends a list of the types of digital certificates supported and the distinguished names of acceptable certificate authorities.
The server sends a server "hello done" message and waits for a client response. Upon receipt of the server "hello done" message, the client (the Web browser) verifies the validity of the server's digital certificate and checks that the server's "hello" parameters are acceptable.
If the server requested a client digital certificate, the client sends a digital certificate, or if no suitable digital certificate is available, the client sends a "no digital certificate" alert. This alert is only a warning, but the server application can fail the session if client authentication is mandatory.
The client sends a "client key exchange" message. This message contains the pre-master secret, a 46- byte random number used in the generation of the symmetric encryption keys and the message authentication code (MAC) keys, encrypted with the public key of the server.
If the client sent a digital certificate to the server, the client sends a "digital certificate verify" message signed with the client's private key. By verifying the signature of this message, the server can explicitly verify the ownership of the client digital certificate.
Note:
An additional process to verify the server digital certificate is not necessary. If the server does not have the private key that belongs to the digital certificate, it cannot decrypt the pre-master secret and create the correct keys for the symmetric encryption algorithm, and the handshake fails.
The client uses a series of cryptographic operations to convert the pre-master secret into a master secret, from which all key material required for encryption and message authentication is derived. Then the client sends a "change cipher spec" message to make the server switch to the newly negotiated cipher suite.
The next message sent by the client (the "finished" message) is the first message encrypted with this cipher method and keys.
The server responds with a "change cipher spec" and a "finished" message of its own.
The SSL handshake ends, and encrypted application data can be sent.
The following answers are incorrect:
FTP - File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard Internet protocol for transmitting files between computers on the Internet. Like the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), which transfers displayable Web pages and related files, and the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), which transfers e-mail, FTP is an application protocol that uses the Internet's TCP/IP protocols. FTP is commonly used to transfer Web page files from their creator to the computer that acts as their server for everyone on the Internet. It's also commonly used to download programs and other files to your computer from other servers.
SSH - Secure Shell (SSH) is a cryptographic network protocol for secure data communication, remote command-line login, remote command execution, and other secure network services between two networked computers. It connects, via a secure channel over an insecure network, a server and a client running SSH server and SSH client programs, respectively.
S/MIME - S/MIME (Secure Multi-Purpose Internet Mail Extensions) is a secure method of sending e-mail that uses the Rivets-Shamir-Adelman encryption system. S/MIME is included in the latest versions of the Web browsers from Microsoft and Netscape and has also been endorsed by other vendors that make messaging products. RSA has proposed S/MIME as a standard to the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).
Following reference(s) were/was used to create this question:
CISA review manual 2014 Page number 352
Official ISC2 guide to CISSP CBK 3rd Edition Page number 256
http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/tividd/td/ITAME/SC32-1363-00/en_US/HTML/ss7aumst18.htm
NEW QUESTION # 519
Which of the following would BEST assist senior management in evaluating IT performance as well as the alignment between corporate and IT strategic objectives?
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 520
Which of the following would provide the BEST evidence that a cloud provider's change management process is effective?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The results of a third-party review provided by the vendor would provide the best evidence that a cloud provider's change management process is effective, because it would be an independent and objective assessment of the vendor's compliance with best practices and standards for managing changes in the cloud environment. A third-party review would also include testing of the vendor's change management controls and procedures, and provide recommendations for improvement if needed.
Minutes from regular change management meetings with the vendor would not provide sufficient evidence, because they would only reflect the vendor's self-reported information and may not capture all the changes that occurred or their impact on the cloud services. Written assurances from the vendor's CEO and CIO would also not provide sufficient evidence, because they would be based on the vendor's own opinion and may not be verified by external sources. A copy of change management policies provided by the vendor would not provide sufficient evidence, because it would only show the vendor's intended approach to change management, but not how it is implemented or monitored in practice.
References:
ISACA Cloud Computing Audit Program, Section 4.5: Change Management
Cloud Computing: Business Benefits With Security, Governance and Assurance Perspectives, Section
4.3: Change Management
NEW QUESTION # 521
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