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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Handling and Responding to Endpoint Security Incidents | 13% | - Endpoint threats and vulnerabilities
|
| Topic 2: Incident Handling Process | 15% | - Preparation phase
|
| Topic 3: Post-Incident Activities and Reporting | 7% | - Lessons learned and improvement
|
| Topic 4: Introduction to Incident Handling and Response | 12% | - Fundamentals of incident handling and response
|
| Topic 5: Handling and Responding to Network Security Incidents | 15% | - Response and mitigation strategies
|
| Topic 6: Handling and Responding to Malware Incidents | 18% | - Malware analysis techniques
|
| Topic 7: Handling and Responding to Cloud Security Incidents | 10% | - Cloud incident response process
|
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質問 # 150
The state of incident response preparedness that enables an organization to maximize its potential to use
digital evidence while minimizing the cost of an investigation is called:
正解：A
質問 # 151
Zaimasoft, a prominent IT organization, was attacked by perpetrators who directly targeted the hardware and caused irreversible damage to the hardware. In result, replacing or reinstalling the hardware was the only solution.
Identify the type of denial-of-service attack performed on Zaimasoft.
正解：D
解説：
A Permanent Denial-of-Service (PDoS) attack, also known as "phlashing," is a form of attack that targets hardware, causing irreversible damage to the hardware components, thereby making the device unusable without a replacement or significant hardware intervention. In the scenario described with Zaimasoft, the attackers' actions leading to the damage of hardware components align with the characteristics of a PDoS attack. Unlike Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) or Denial- of-Service (DoS) attacks, which generally aim to overwhelm a system's resources temporarily, or DRDoS (Distributed Reflection Denial of Service), which involves amplification techniques using third- party servers, a PDoS attack directly damages the physical hardware, necessitating its replacement or reinstallation. This makes PDoS particularly severe due to its permanent impact on the targeted organization's hardware infrastructure.
質問 # 152
An IoT device deployed in a smart city infrastructure project begins transmitting data at an unusually high rate, signaling a potential security compromise. This device is part of a critical system that monitors traffic flow and controls street lighting, making unauthorized access or manipulation a significant concern for public safety and urban efficiency. What should be the first action taken by the smart city's incident response team to handle this IoT-based security incident effectively?
正解：D
解説：
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation (ECIH-aligned):
In IoT and OT environments, the ECIH curriculum emphasizes that containment is the highest first- response priority, especially when public safety and critical services are involved. The abnormal data transmission strongly suggests compromise, and allowing the device to remain connected risks lateral movement, data exfiltration, and operational disruption.
Option C is correct because immediate isolation of the affected IoT device prevents further unauthorized communication while preserving the system's current state for forensic analysis. Isolation limits the blast radius without unnecessarily disrupting the entire infrastructure.
Option A introduces risk by changing system states during an active incident. Option B is preventive and not an incident response action. Option D is appropriate after containment but not before.
Thus, isolating the compromised device aligns with ECIH endpoint and IoT incident handling principles.
質問 # 153
SevTech, a top-notch security provider, recently detected inconsistencies in its client data protection module.
Upon closer inspection, it appeared that a sophisticated actor had injected malicious code by exploiting a previously unknown vulnerability. This potentially jeopardized the data integrity of hundreds of SevTech ' s clients. Complicating matters, initial indicators suggest the involvement of a nation-state actor. In this high- pressure scenario, what should be SevTech ' s primary course of action?
正解：D
解説：
ECIH incident-response methodology prioritizes containment and eradication of the technical weakness that enables continued compromise. Once SevTech has identified a previously unknown vulnerability being actively exploited, rapidly developing and deploying a corrective patch directly closes the attack vector and limits additional exposure across client environments. Government coordination may be appropriate when nation-state activity is suspected, but intelligence gathering alone does not remediate the exploitable vulnerability. Counter-hacking is inappropriate because it can create legal, attribution, and escalation risks.
Disconnecting every customer from SevTech ' s services is also excessively disruptive unless evidence shows that such containment is necessary. Although appropriate stakeholder notification should be handled according to legal and organizational requirements, the technically decisive action among the available choices is immediate remediation of the exploited vulnerability through a validated security update.
質問 # 154
During a security audit, analysts identified unusual GET requests to a financial application where external resources were fetched using numeric IP addresses combined with unexpected trailing characters. These inputs were not properly filtered by the system, allowing external content to be processed and embedded in server responses. The issue was traced to a feature that dynamically loads input-specified content without strict validation. Which type of attack/technique is most likely being analyzed in this scenario?
正解：A
解説：
Remote File Inclusion (RFI) occurs when a web application accepts user-controlled input that specifies an external resource and then loads or processes that remote content without sufficient validation. The dynamic retrieval of external content through manipulated GET parameters is the key indicator in this scenario.
Attackers may use alternative IP representations, encoded characters, or URL obfuscation techniques to evade basic filtering and cause a vulnerable application to include attacker-controlled files. Stored XSS involves malicious script content being persisted and later rendered to users. Hidden-field manipulation modifies client- side form values, while command injection passes attacker-controlled input to operating-system commands.
ECIH web application incident handling requires responders to determine the exploited input vector and prevent untrusted remote-resource inclusion through strict input validation, allowlisting, and secure application configuration.
質問 # 155
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