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| Certification Vendor: | ASHRM (American Society for Healthcare Risk Management) |
|---|---|
| Exam Name: | Certified Professional in Health Care Risk Management Exam |
| Exam Number: | CPHRM |
| Available Languages: | English |
| Exam Price: | $275 (ASHRM members), $425 (non-members) |
| Exam Duration: | 120 minutes |
| Certificate Validity Period: | 3 years |
| Exam Format: | Multiple-choice questions, Computer-based |
| Real Exam Qty: | 110 (100 scored, 10 unscored pre-test items) |
| Passing Score: | Criterion-referenced, no fixed numerical score published |
| Recommended Training: | CPHRM Exam Prep Course |
| Exam Registration: | ASHRM Official CPHRM Page PSI Testing Registration |
| Sample Questions: | ASHRM CPHRM Sample Questions |
| Exam Way: | Onsite at PSI testing centers or live remote proctored online |
| Pre Condition: | One of: Bachelor's degree + 5 years healthcare experience; Associate degree + 7 years; High school diploma + 9 years; plus 3,000 hours or 50% of job duties in healthcare risk management within last 3 years |
| Official Syllabus URL: | https://www.ashrm.org/education/cphrm |
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NEW QUESTION # 94
An unstable patient in the emergency department needs transfer to another hospital. Which of the following statements is true regarding the refusal of an on-call physician to treat this patient?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Under Health Care Risk Management standards supported by ASHRM and the American Hospital Association Certification Center, obligations under the Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act EMTALA govern on-call physician responsibilities. When a hospital maintains an on-call roster to provide specialty services for emergency department patients, physicians listed on call are required to respond and participate in the evaluation and stabilization of patients with emergency medical conditions.
An on-call physician may only be relieved of duty if legitimately unavailable due to circumstances beyond their control, such as actively caring for another patient or being otherwise unable to respond in accordance with hospital policy. Refusal to treat for convenience or non-clinical reasons may constitute an EMTALA violation and expose both the hospital and physician to regulatory penalties.
A blanket right to refuse care is inconsistent with EMTALA requirements. While financial discrimination is prohibited, refusal for other non-justifiable reasons may still violate federal law. Conversely, stating that a physician is never relieved of duty is inaccurate, as legitimate unavailability may excuse performance under specific circumstances.
Legal and regulatory objectives emphasize compliance with EMTALA, proper on-call coverage policies, and documentation of availability. Therefore, the correct statement is that relief occurs only when the physician is unavailable due to circumstances outside their control.
NEW QUESTION # 95
For a liability claim to succeed, the claimant must establish duty owed, duty breached, proximate cause, and
Answer: D
Explanation:
Under Health Care Risk Management principles outlined by ASHRM and the American Hospital Association Certification Center, a successful negligence claim requires proof of four essential legal elements: duty, breach of duty, causation, and damages. Duty refers to the legal obligation owed by the healthcare provider to the patient. Breach occurs when the provider fails to meet the applicable standard of care. Proximate cause establishes the direct link between the breach and the harm suffered.
The final required element is actual injury or damages sustained by the claimant. Without demonstrable harm, a negligence claim cannot succeed, even if duty and breach are proven. The injury may include physical harm, emotional distress, or financial loss, but it must be measurable and attributable to the breach.
Contributory negligence is a defense that may reduce or bar recovery but is not an element the claimant must prove. Punitive damages are awarded in exceptional cases involving egregious misconduct and are not required to establish liability. Gross negligence represents a higher degree of negligence but is not a required element in standard malpractice claims.
Therefore, proof of injury sustained is essential for a liability claim to succeed.
NEW QUESTION # 96
An HMO advertises it is "the best" and its physicians can manage any illness/injury. A patient relies on this and is injured. The patient might sue the HMO for:
Answer: B
Explanation:
Marketing claims can create liability exposure when they reasonably induce reliance and the patient suffers harm. Depending on jurisdiction and facts, plaintiffs may allegeapparent agency(belief that physicians acted as the HMO's agents),vicarious liability, negligent credentialing, or negligent misrepresentation/consumer protection claims if statements are misleading. Risk management objectives include reviewing public claims for accuracy, ensuring marketing does not overpromise clinical capability, and aligning network adequacy and credentialing with representations. Clear disclosures about independent contractors may help but do not always defeat apparent agency claims. Controls include legal review of advertising, credentialing rigor, quality oversight, and complaint surveillance to detect mismatches between marketing and actual service capability.
NEW QUESTION # 97
Which of the following factors should be considered when setting or adjusting indemnity reserves?
* incurred medical expenses
* emotional pain and suffering
* medical expert witness costs
* future cost of medical care
Answer: A
Explanation:
According to Health Care Risk Management principles established by ASHRM and the American Hospital Association Certification Center, indemnity reserves represent the estimated amount the organization expects to pay in settlement or judgment to a claimant. Indemnity refers specifically to damages paid to compensate the injured party, not defense or administrative expenses.
Incurred medical expenses are a core component of economic damages and must be included in indemnity reserve calculations. Emotional pain and suffering fall under non-economic damages and are also considered when estimating potential settlement or verdict value. Future cost of medical care is another essential factor, particularly in cases involving long-term injury or disability, as it represents projected economic damages that may substantially increase exposure.
Medical expert witness costs, however, are categorized as defense expenses and are typically included in allocated loss adjustment expenses rather than indemnity reserves. These costs relate to the defense of the claim rather than compensation to the plaintiff.
Risk management objectives emphasize accurate differentiation between indemnity and expense reserves to ensure proper financial reporting and regulatory compliance. Therefore, incurred medical expenses, pain and suffering, and future medical costs should be considered when setting indemnity reserves, while expert witness costs should not.
NEW QUESTION # 98
If no specific OSHA standard applies to a given potential health hazard, then
Answer: B
Explanation:
According to Health Care Risk Management standards outlined by ASHRM and the American Hospital Association Certification Center, the Occupational Safety and Health Act includes a provision known as the General Duty Clause. This clause requires employers to furnish a workplace free from recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm, even when no specific OSHA standard addresses the hazard.
The General Duty Clause grants OSHA authority to cite employers for unsafe conditions not explicitly covered by a detailed regulation. To issue a citation under this clause, OSHA must demonstrate that a recognized hazard exists, that the hazard poses a risk of serious harm, and that feasible methods exist to correct or mitigate the hazard.
Therefore, OSHA retains enforcement authority even in the absence of a specific standard. The agency's jurisdiction does not disappear simply because no detailed regulation addresses the particular risk.
Legal and regulatory objectives in healthcare risk management emphasize maintaining compliance with federal occupational safety laws and proactively identifying workplace hazards. Accordingly, OSHA may govern the hazard under the General Duty Clause when no specific standard applies.
NEW QUESTION # 99
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