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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Security and Compliance Automation | 13% | - Security automation in CI/CD and infrastructure
|
| Topic 2: Resilient Cloud Solutions | 15% | - High availability and fault tolerance design
|
| Topic 3: Monitoring and Logging | 15% | - Observability and metrics
|
| Topic 4: SDLC Automation | 22% | - CI/CD pipeline design and implementation
|
| Topic 5: Incident and Event Management | 18% | - Operational response and recovery
|
| Topic 6: Configuration Management and Infrastructure as Code | 17% | - Infrastructure provisioning and automation
|
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NEW QUESTION # 139
A company needs to implement failover for its application. The application includes an Amazon CloudFront distribution and a public Application Load Balancer (ALB) in an AWS Region. The company has configured the ALB as the default origin for the distribution.
After some recent application outages, the company wants a zero-second RTO. The company deploys the application to a secondary Region in a warm standby configuration. A DevOps engineer needs to automate the failover of the application to the secondary Region so that HTTP GET requests meet the desired R TO.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
Answer: A
Explanation:
To implement failover for the application to the secondary Region so that HTTP GET requests meet the desired RTO, the DevOps engineer should use the following solution:
* Create a new origin on the distribution for the secondary ALB. A CloudFront origin is the source of the content that CloudFront delivers to viewers. By creating anew origin for the secondary ALB, the DevOps engineer can configure CloudFront to route traffic to the secondary Region when the primary Region is unavailable1
* Create a new origin group. Set the original ALB as the primary origin. Configure the origin group to fail over for HTTP 5xx status codes. An origin group is a logical grouping of two origins: a primary origin and a secondary origin. By creating an origin group, the DevOps engineer can specify which origin CloudFront should use as a fallback when the primary origin fails. The DevOps engineer can also define which HTTP status codes should trigger a failover from the primary origin to the secondary origin. By setting the original ALB as the primary origin and configuring the origin group to fail over for HTTP 5xx status codes, the DevOps engineer can ensure that CloudFront will switch to the secondary ALB when the primary ALB returns server errors2
* Update the default behavior to use the origin group. A behavior is a set of rules that CloudFront applies when it receives requests for specific URLs or file types.The default behavior applies to all requests that do not match any other behaviors. By updating the default behavior to use the origin group, the DevOps engineer can enable failover routing for all requests that are sent to the distribution3 This solution will meet the requirements because it will automate the failover of the application to the secondary Region with zero-second RTO. When CloudFront receives an HTTP GET request, it will first try to route it to the primary ALB in the primary Region. If the primary ALB is healthy and returns a successful response, CloudFront will deliver it to the viewer. If the primary ALB is unhealthy or returns an HTTP 5xx status code, CloudFront will automatically route the request to the secondary ALB in the secondary Region and deliver its response to the viewer.
The other options are not correct because they either do not provide zero-second RTO or do not work as expected. Creating a second CloudFront distribution that has the secondary ALB as the default origin and creating Amazon Route 53 alias records that have a failover policy is not a good option because it will introduce additional latency and complexity to the solution. Route 53 health checks and DNS propagation can take several minutes or longer, which means that viewers might experience delays or errors when accessing the application during a failover event. Creating Amazon Route 53 alias records that have a failover policy and Evaluate Target Health set to Yes for both ALBs and setting the TTL of both records to O is not a valid option because it will not work with CloudFront distributions. Route 53 does not support health checks for alias records that point to CloudFront distributions, so it cannot detect if an ALB behind a distribution is healthy or not. Creating a CloudFront function that detects HTTP 5xx status codes and returns a 307 Temporary Redirect error response to the secondary ALB is not a valid option because it will not provide zero- second RTO. A 307 Temporary Redirect error response tells viewers to retry their requests with a different URL, which means that viewers will have to make an additional request and wait for another response from CloudFront before reaching the secondary ALB.
References:
* 1: Adding, Editing, and Deleting Origins - Amazon CloudFront
* 2: Configuring Origin Failover - Amazon CloudFront
* 3: Creating or Updating a Cache Behavior - Amazon CloudFront
NEW QUESTION # 140
AnyCompany is using AWS Organizations to create and manage multiple AWS accounts AnyCompany recently acquired a smaller company, Example Corp. During the acquisition process, Example Corp ' s single AWS account joined AnyCompany ' s management account through an Organizations invitation.
AnyCompany moved the new member account under an OU that is dedicated to Example Corp.
AnyCompany ' s DevOps eng*neer has an IAM user that assumes a role that is named OrganizationAccountAccessRole to access member accounts. This role is configured with a full access policy When the DevOps engineer tries to use the AWS Management Console to assume the role in Example Corp ' s new member account, the DevOps engineer receives the following error message " Invalid information in one or more fields. Check your information or contact your administrator. " Which solution will give the DevOps engineer access to the new member account?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The problem is that the DevOps engineer cannot assume the OrganizationAccountAccessRole IAM role in the new member account that joined AnyCompany's management account through an Organizations invitation.
The solution is to create a new IAM role with the same name and trust policy in the new member account.
Option A is incorrect, as it does not address the root cause of the error. The DevOps engineer's IAM user already has permission to assume the OrganizationAccountAccessRole IAM role in any member account, as this is the default role name that AWS Organizations creates when a new account joins an organization. The error occurs because the new member account does not have this role, as it was not created by AWS Organizations.
Option B is incorrect, as it does not address the root cause of the error. An SCP is a policy that defines the maximum permissions for account members of an organization or organizational unit (OU). An SCP does not grant permissions to IAM users or roles, but rather limits the permissions that identity-based policies or resource-based policies grant to them. An SCP also does not affect how IAM roles are assumed by other principals.
Option C is correct, as it addresses the root cause of the error. By creating a new IAM role with the same name and trust policy as the OrganizationAccountAccessRole IAM role in the new member account, the DevOps engineer can assume this role and access the account. The new role should have the AdministratorAccess AWS managed policy attached, which grants full access to all AWS resources in the account. The trust policy should allow the management account to assume the role, which can be done by specifying the management account ID as a principal in the policy statement.
Option D is incorrect, as it assumes that the new member account already has the OrganizationAccountAccessRole IAM role, which is not true. The new member account does not have this role, as it was not created by AWS Organizations. Editing the trust policy of a non-existent role will not solve the problem.
NEW QUESTION # 141
A company has an on-premises application that is written in Go. A DevOps engineer must move the application to AWS. The company's development team wants to enable blue/green deployments and perform A/B testing.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
https://aws.amazon.com/quickstart/architecture/blue-green-deployment/
NEW QUESTION # 142
A company's application runs on Amazon EC2 instances. The application writes to a log file that records the username, date, time: and source IP address of the login. The log is published to a log group in Amazon CloudWatch Logs The company is performing a root cause analysis for an event that occurred on the previous day The company needs to know the number of logins for a specific user from the past 7 days Which solution will provide this information'?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
To analyze and find the number of logins for a specific user from the past 7 days, a CloudWatch Logs Insights query is the most suitable solution. CloudWatch Logs Insights enables you to interactively search and analyze your log data in Amazon CloudWatch Logs. You can use the query language to perform queries that contain multiple commands, including aggregation functions, which can count the occurrences of logins for a specific username over a specified time period. This approach is more direct and efficient than creating a metric filter or subscription, which would require additional steps to publish and sum a metric. References: AWS Certified DevOps Engineer - Professional, CloudWatch Logs Insights query syntax, Tutorial: Run a query with an aggregation function, Add or remove a number widget from a CloudWatch dashboard.
NEW QUESTION # 143
A company has an application that runs on Amazon EC2 instances. The company uses an AWS CodePipeline pipeline to deploy the application into multiple AWS Regions. The pipeline is configured with a stage for each Region. Each stage contains an AWS CloudFormation action for each Region.
When the pipeline deploys the application to a Region, the company wants to confirm that the application is in a healthy state before the pipeline moves on to the next Region. Amazon Route 53 record sets are configured for the application in each Region. A DevOps engineer creates a Route 53 health check that is based on an Amazon CloudWatch alarm for each Region where the application is deployed.
What should the DevOps engineer do next to meet the requirements?
Answer: B
Explanation:
CodePipeline needs an explicit gate between regional deployment stages. AWS supports a Step Functions invoke action in CodePipeline, which starts a state machine execution from the pipeline. The state machine can check the CloudWatch alarm or Route 53 health-check-derived state and fail if the alarm is in ALARM state. A failed invoke action stops the pipeline before the next Region receives the deployment, which is exactly the required sequential health validation. Route 53 health checks can be associated with CloudWatch alarms, so the alarm is already a valid health signal. Option B replaces the deployment model unnecessarily.
Options C and D refer to a non-existent native "CloudWatch alarm action" for CodePipeline stages and do not provide a real pipeline gate.
NEW QUESTION # 144
......
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