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CWNP CWNA-109 Exam Syllabus Topics:

SectionWeightObjectives
Topic 1: IEEE 802.11 Network Implementation20%- Deployment Models
  • 1. Autonomous APs
  • 2. Cloud-based and Controller-based
  • 3. Distributed and Centralized architectures
- Power over Ethernet (PoE)
  • 1. 802.3af, 802.3at, 802.3bt
- Site Survey and Design
  • 1. Predictive and Passive site surveys
  • 2. AP placement and density
  • 3. Active site surveys
Topic 2: IEEE 802.11 Network Security15%- Encryption and Authentication
  • 1. CCMP, GCMP
  • 2. OWE and SAE
  • 3. 802.1X/EAP
- Security Basics
  • 1. Legacy security (WEP, WPA)
  • 2. WPA2 and WPA3
  • 3. Authentication and Association
Topic 3: IEEE 802.11 Network Operations15%- Performance Optimization
  • 1. QoS (WMM)
  • 2. Channel management
  • 3. Roaming (802.11r/k/v)
- Troubleshooting
  • 1. Common connectivity issues
  • 2. Spectrum analysis
  • 3. Protocol analysis
Topic 4: IEEE 802.11 Protocols and Devices20%- 802.11 Frame Types
  • 1. Management, Control, and Data frames
  • 2. Frame exchange processes
- WLAN Architecture
  • 1. Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS)
  • 2. Distribution System (DS)
  • 3. Basic Service Set (BSS)
  • 4. Stations (STA), Access Points (AP)
  • 5. Extended Service Set (ESS)
- CSMA/CA
  • 1. DCF and EDCA
  • 2. RTS/CTS
Topic 5: IEEE 802.11 Regulations and Standards15%- Regulatory Bodies and Domains
  • 1. Frequency bands and channels
  • 2. FCC, ETSI, IC, and others
- IEEE 802.11 Standards
  • 1. 802.11-2020 and amendments (a/b/g/n/ac/ax)
  • 2. 802.11be (Wi-Fi 7) overview
  • 3. Channel bonding and widths
Topic 6: Radio Frequency (RF) Technologies15%- Antenna Concepts
  • 1. Antenna gain and patterns
  • 2. Polarization
  • 3. Antenna types and usage
- RF Fundamentals
  • 1. RF behaviors: absorption, reflection, refraction, diffraction, scattering
  • 2. Signal strength and loss (attenuation)
  • 3. Wavelength, frequency, and amplitude
- RF Mathematics
  • 1. Link budget calculations
  • 2. Inverse Square Law
  • 3. dB, dBi, dBd, dBm

>> Exam CWNA-109 Syllabus <<

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CWNP Wireless Network Administrator (CWNA) Sample Questions (Q174-Q179):

NEW QUESTION # 174
When compared with legacy Power Save mode, how does VHT TXOP power save improve battery life for devices on a WLAN?

Answer: C

Explanation:
VHT TXOP (Very High Throughput Transmit Opportunity) power save is a feature introduced with the 802.11ac amendment, which is designed to improve the power efficiency of devices connected to a WLAN. This feature enhances battery life in several ways, compared to the legacy Power Save mode:
Enhanced Power Saving: VHT TXOP power save allows devices to disable more components of the WLAN transceiver when they are in a low power state. This reduces the power consumption during periods when the device is not actively transmitting or receiving data. Intelligent Wake-Up Mechanisms: It employs more sophisticated mechanisms for devices to determine when they need to wake up and listen to the channel, further reducing unnecessary power usage.
Optimized Operation: This power save mode is optimized for the high-throughput environment of
802.11ac networks, allowing devices to efficiently manage power while maintaining high performance.
Legacy Power Save mode, introduced in earlier versions of the 802.11 standards, does not provide the same level of component disablement or the intelligent wake-up mechanisms found in VHT TXOP power save, making option B the correct answer.


NEW QUESTION # 175
Return Loss is the decrease of forward energy in a system when some of the power is being reflected back toward the transmitter. What will cause high return loss in an RF transmission system, including the radio, cables, connectors and antenna?

Answer: C

Explanation:
Return loss is a measure of how well the components of an RF system are matched in terms of their impedance. Impedance is the opposition to the flow of alternating current in a circuit, and it depends on the frequency, resistance, capacitance, and inductance of the components. When the impedance of the source, the transmission line, and the load are not equal, some of the power is reflected back to the source, causing a loss of forward power. This loss is expressed in decibels (dB) as return loss. The higher the return loss, the lower the reflection and the better the impedance matching. Conversely, the lower the return loss, the higher the reflection and the worse the impedance matching.
VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) is another way of expressing the same concept. It is the ratio of the maximum voltage to the minimum voltage along a transmission line due to the interference of the incident and reflected waves. A VSWR of 1:1 means that there is no reflection and perfect impedance matching. A VSWR higher than 1:1 means that there is some reflection and impedance mismatch. The higher the VSWR, the higher the reflection and the lower the return loss. Therefore, a significant impedance mismatch between components in an RF system will cause high reflection, high VSWR, and low return loss.


NEW QUESTION # 176
You are a small business wireless network consultant and provide WLAN services for various companies.
You receive a call from one of your customers stating that their laptop computers suddenly started experiencing much slower data transfers while connected to the WLAN. This company is located in a multi- tenant office building and the WLAN was designed to support laptops, tablets and mobile phones. What could cause a sudden change in performance for the laptop computers?

Answer: A

Explanation:
A possible cause of a sudden change in performance for the laptop computers is that a new tenant in the building has set their AP to the same RF channel that your customer is using. This can create co-channel interference (CCI), which is a situation where two or more APs or devices use the same or overlapping channels in the same area. CCI can degrade the performance of WLANs by increasing contention, collisions, retransmissions, and latency. CCI can also reduce the effective range and throughput of WLANs by lowering the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). To avoid or mitigate CCI, it is recommended to use non-overlapping channels, adjust transmit power levels, or implement channel management techniques such as dynamic frequency selection (DFS) or load balancing. The sky condition, antenna position, or Bluetooth headset are not likely to cause a sudden change in performance for the laptop computers. References: [CWNP Certified Wireless Network Administrator Official Study Guide: Exam CWNA-109], page 81; [CWNA: Certified Wireless Network Administrator Official Study Guide: Exam CWNA-109], page 71.


NEW QUESTION # 177
Which one of the following is not a factor considered when calculating the Link Budget for an outdoor point-to- point WLAN bridge link?

Answer: D

Explanation:
MU-MIMO capabilities of the bridges are not a factor considered when calculating the Link Budget for an outdoor point-to-point WLAN bridge link. The Link Budget is acalculation of the expected signal strength at the receiver based on various factors that affect the RF transmission. Some of these factors are operating frequency, transmit power, receive antenna gain, free space path loss, cable loss, connector loss, and environmental loss. MU-MIMO stands for Multi-User Multiple Input Multiple Output, which is a technology that allows multiple devices to communicate simultaneously using multiple spatial streams. MU-MIMO is not relevant for a point-to-point link, where there are only two devices involved. References: 1, Chapter 2, page
59; 2, Section 2.2


NEW QUESTION # 178
In a long-distance RF link, what statement about Fade Margin is true?

Answer: C

Explanation:
Fade Margin is an additional pad of signal strength designed into the RF system to compensate for unpredictable signal fading. It is the difference between the receiver's sensitivity and the actual received signal level. A higher Fade Margin indicates a more robust link that can withstand interference, attenuation, or other factors that may reduce the signal strength. A lower Fade Margin means that the link is more susceptible to failure or performance degradation. Fade Margin is usually expressed in decibels (dB) and can be calculated by subtracting the receiver sensitivity from the received signal level. References: 1, Chapter 2, page
51; 2, Section 2.1


NEW QUESTION # 179
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