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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: E-Supply Chain Management | - Modern Fulfilment Tools and Applications in Supply Chain - Information Flows and Information Systems Integration - Big Data and IoT in Supply Chain - Warehouse Management System (WMS) - Differences Between Logistics and Supply Chain Management |
| Topic 2: Principles of Supply Chain Management & Logistics | - Introduction to Supply Chain Management - Factors Affecting Supply Chain Management - Management Components of Supply Chain Management - Supply Chain Processes |
| Topic 3: Major Supply Chain Issues: Sourcing Materials and Services | - Role of Logistics in Supply Chains - Introduction to Global Supply Chain Management - Developing Productive Supplier Relationships in a Competitive Market - Major Challenges in Supply Chain Management Today - Inventory Management |
| Topic 4: Distribution and Operations Management | - Introduction to Distribution Network - Order Management - Stock Management - Transport Management - Warehouse Management |
| Topic 5: Demand Planning and Forecasting | - Spreadsheet Newsvendor Models - Issues and Trade-offs in Global Supply Chain Management - Revenue Management - Integrated View of Procurement, Manufacturing and Operations Management - Supply Chain Issues for Short Life Cycle Products - Demand Forecasting and Purchase Price Variance (PPV) Savings |
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質問 # 69
The primary role of cycle inventory is to allow different stages in the supply chain to
正解：C
解説：
Cycle inventory exists primarily because supply-chain stages replenish in discrete lots rather than purchasing precisely one unit whenever one unit of demand occurs. Lot sizing allows organizations to exploit economies associated with ordering, production setups, transportation, and purchasing. The managerial objective is to select a replenishment quantity that minimizes the combined material, ordering, and inventory holding costs , making option B correct.
A very small lot reduces average inventory but requires frequent replenishment and therefore increases ordering, setup, or transportation expense. Conversely, a very large lot reduces the frequency of ordering but creates excessive average cycle inventory and increases carrying cost. The appropriate lot size balances these competing effects.
The question specifically refers to purchasing because cycle inventory results from acquiring or producing inventory in batches that are larger than the instantaneous demand being satisfied. "Selling" in lots does not describe the principal inventory-management decision represented by the model.
Likewise, maximizing total material, ordering, and holding costs is obviously inconsistent with supply-chain cost optimization. The purpose of cycle-inventory analysis is to determine economically efficient replenishment quantities while preserving required product availability.
Reference Topic: Inventory and Warehousing - Cycle Inventory, Economies of Scale, and Lot-Size Optimization.
質問 # 70
A manufacturer currently purchases a critical component from one supplier located in a region exposed to earthquakes. Management qualifies a second supplier in another region even though the second supplier's price is slightly higher. What is the PRIMARY objective of this decision?
正解：C
解説：
Qualifying a geographically independent second supplier is primarily intended to reduce supply disruption risk . A single-source strategy can provide commercial and operational benefits, but it also creates concentration risk when the component is critical and the supplier is exposed to a significant regional hazard.
Dual or multiple sourcing creates an alternative supply path if the primary supplier becomes unavailable because of an earthquake, infrastructure failure, labor disruption, geopolitical event, capacity problem, or other interruption. The additional supplier therefore provides resilience even when its normal unit price is slightly higher.
This illustrates the difference between minimizing purchase price and managing total business risk. A low- cost supplier that causes an extended production stoppage can generate losses far exceeding the incremental cost associated with maintaining a qualified backup source.
Supplier diversification must still be managed carefully. Firms should evaluate supplier capability, quality, capacity, lead time, financial stability, and geographic correlation rather than assuming that two suppliers automatically provide true diversification.
The ACSCP curriculum includes sourcing, supplier relationships, global supply-chain issues, and major contemporary supply-chain challenges.
Reference Topic: Risk Management, Compliance and Resilience - Supplier Diversification, Business Continuity, and Supply Risk Mitigation.
質問 # 71
Inventory holding costs would include which of the following?
正解：B
解説：
Inventory holding cost represents the economic cost associated with maintaining inventory over time. Its components commonly include the cost of capital tied up in inventory, storage-related expense, insurance, taxes where applicable, deterioration, shrinkage, and the risk that inventory will lose economic value before it can be sold or consumed. Obsolescence cost therefore belongs directly within the holding-cost category.
Obsolescence occurs when inventory becomes outdated, technologically superseded, unfashionable, expired, or otherwise less valuable while it remains in stock. The longer inventory is held, the greater the exposure to this risk. For products with rapid technology changes, short life cycles, expiration dates, or volatile consumer preferences, obsolescence can represent a substantial portion of total inventory carrying cost.
The other choices relate primarily to replenishment or acquisition activities. Buyer time is associated with placing and managing orders. Receiving cost occurs when incoming material is processed. Transportation cost concerns product movement and, depending on the inventory model, can form part of the fixed replenishment or logistics cost.
Accordingly, C is the correct answer because obsolescence results specifically from carrying inventory over time. This classification is also consistent with standard supply-chain inventory-cost treatment.
Reference Topic: Inventory and Warehousing - Inventory Carrying and Holding Costs.
質問 # 72
A CPFR used for ______ relies less on historical data and more on interpretation of industry trends, macroeconomics factors, and customer tastes.
正解：C
解説：
The correct application is seasonal goods . Collaborative Planning, Forecasting, and Replenishment (CPFR) for seasonal merchandise differs significantly from forecasting stable, continuously replenished products because each season can involve different styles, assortments, market conditions, promotional themes, and customer preferences.
Historical demand remains informative, but it cannot be treated as the dominant predictor when the characteristics of the next selling season differ materially from previous periods. Trading partners therefore rely more heavily on collaborative interpretation of industry trends, macroeconomic conditions, merchandising strategies, and anticipated customer tastes. This is particularly evident in categories such as fashion apparel, footwear, seasonal consumer goods, and other short-life-cycle products.
This approach is commonly associated with collaborative assortment planning , where retailer and supplier jointly determine the appropriate mix of products for the forthcoming season. Forecasting decisions may need to be made before substantial actual demand information becomes available, making market intelligence and partner knowledge especially important.
Commodities and established industrial products can often draw more heavily from historical demand, economic drivers, and systematic forecasting relationships. Seasonal products require a stronger prospective interpretation of market conditions.
Therefore, A is correct.
Reference Topic: Demand Planning - CPFR, Seasonal Forecasting, and Collaborative Assortment Planning.
質問 # 73
A manufacturer establishes a program to collect used products from customers, inspect them, recover usable components, recycle materials, and properly dispose of the remaining waste. Which supply chain capability does this BEST represent?
正解：C
解説：
The process is reverse logistics because physical products move from the customer or downstream channel back toward the manufacturer or another recovery point for return, repair, reuse, remanufacturing, recycling, or disposal.
Traditional forward logistics moves materials from suppliers through production and distribution toward customers. Reverse logistics manages the opposite flow after sale or consumption. An effective reverse network requires collection processes, transportation, inspection, disposition rules, recovery operations, information tracking, and coordination with recycling or disposal partners.
Reverse logistics can generate both environmental and economic value. Recovering reusable components may reduce demand for virgin materials, while recycling can reduce waste sent to landfill. Product recovery may also preserve residual asset value and support circular-economy strategies.
Forward buying refers to purchasing ahead of normal requirements, typically in response to pricing incentives. Demand amplification concerns the bullwhip effect. Cross-selling means selling related products to existing customers. None represents the physical recovery activity described.
AAPSCM's broader supply-chain sustainability framework emphasizes waste reduction, resource optimization, responsible sourcing, and circular supply-chain practices.
Reference Topic: Sustainability and ESG in Supply Chains - Reverse Logistics, Resource Recovery, and Circular Supply Chains.
質問 # 74
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