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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Investment and Financial Markets | - Market participants and their roles - Structure of financial markets - Asset classes and investment products |
| Regulation and Ethics | - Ethical standards in investment advice - Conduct of business and compliance principles - Regulatory environment in financial services |
| Investment Products and Suitability | - Taxation and charges overview - Suitability and client profiling - Equities, bonds, and collective investments |
| Wealth Management Principles | - Risk and return concepts - Client investment needs and objectives - Portfolio construction basics |
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질문 # 178
A fund manager would be keen to improve the alpha of a fund because:
정답：C
설명：
Alpha (#) measures a fund's excess return relative to its benchmark. A positive alpha indicates outperformance, while a negative alpha means underperformance.
Why is Option A Correct?
A fund manager aims to improve alpha to outperform the benchmark (e.g., S&P 500, FTSE 100).
If a fund's alpha is negative, it has not beaten the benchmark, indicating poor active management.
Why Not Other Options?
B (Easier to manage) # A high-alpha strategy often requires active management, which can be complex.
C (Improves beta) # Alpha is independent of beta (systematic risk).
D (Attractive to risk-averse clients) # High alpha does not necessarily mean low risk.
# Reference: CFA Institute (Alpha & Beta), CISI Wealth & Investment Management.
질문 # 179
"An approach which applies a theoretical price to a company's shares by discounting the company's expected future cash flow into infinity." This statement is describing the:
정답：B
설명：
* Dividend Valuation Model (DVM)
* The DVM values a company's shares by calculating thepresent value of future expected dividends, assuming dividends grow perpetually at a constant rate.
* Why the Answer is C
* The model explicitly relies ondiscounting future cash flows (dividends)to determine the theoretical share price.
* Why Other Options are Incorrect
* A. Net asset value: Focuses on book value, not cash flows.
* B. Market value added: Measures value creation over invested capital, unrelated to theoretical share pricing.
* D. Economic value added: Measures performance based on excess returns, not share valuation.
* ICWIM Study Guide, Chapter on Equity Valuation: Explains the DVM and its mechanics.
* Valuation Literature: Highlights DVM's use in share pricing.
References
질문 # 180
Under Islamic law, charging or receiving interest is:
정답：B
설명：
In Islamic finance, charging or receiving interest is prohibited because it is classified as riba, which is not permitted under Sharia principles. The correct term describing something that is forbidden is haram. The other options are not descriptions of permissibility; they are types of Islamic finance structures or instruments.
Sukuk are often described as Islamic certificates that are structured to provide returns linked to underlying assets or activities rather than interest payments on debt. Ijara refers to leasing arrangements where returns are generated through rent, again linked to an asset and use of that asset. Murabaha is a cost-plus sale structure, commonly used to provide financing through a mark-up on a tangible purchase and sale transaction rather than interest on a loan. The exam focus is usually the principle: returns should be connected to permissible trade, ownership, risk-sharing, or asset-backed activity, not money lending that generates money solely with time. Therefore, charging or receiving interest is prohibited and is correctly identified as haram.
질문 # 181
A non-profit, whole-of-life assurance policy, will pay:
정답：D
설명：
* What is a Non-Profit, Whole-of-Life Assurance Policy?
* It providesguaranteed coverage for the entire lifeof the insured.
* The policy does not participate in the insurer's profits (hence "non-profit") and pays apre- determined sumupon death.
* Why D is Correct
* The payout isfixed at the policy's inception, offering certainty to beneficiaries.
* Other Options Analyzed
* A. Linked to units: Describes a unit-linked or investment-linked policy.
* B. Predetermined time: Describes term insurance.
* C. Linked to inflation: Describes index-linked policies.
* ICWIM Textbook, Chapter on Insurance Products: Explains non-profit policies and their characteristics.
* Insurance Guidelines: Confirm fixed payouts as a feature of non-profit, whole-of-life assurance.
References
질문 # 182
Which of these banks are likely to have relatively few legacy issues?
정답：D
설명：
Challenger banks are newer, digital-first institutions that operate with modern technology, avoiding the legacy issues that traditional banks face.
* Why is Option B Correct?
* They lack outdated IT systems that traditional banks struggle to upgrade.
* They focus on digital banking services, reducing operational inefficiencies.
* Examples: Monzo, Starling Bank, Revolut.
* Why Not Other Options?
* A (Central bank) # Not a commercial bank; deals with monetary policy, not retail banking infrastructure.
* C (Online bank) # Some online banks are part of traditional banks, inheriting legacy issues.
* D (Retail bank) # Large banks have aging IT systems, regulatory burdens, and high costs.
# Reference: UK Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) - Challenger Banks Report, CISI Wealth & Investment Management.
질문 # 183
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