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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Audit Principles and Audit Process | 20% | - Audit scope and objectives - Audit evidence collection techniques - Risk-based audit approach - Audit types and stages ( initiation, planning, execution, reporting) - Audit sampling methodology |
| Certification and Accreditation Framework | 15% | - Surveillance and re-certification audits - Principles of certification bodies - Certification decision process - Audit report preparation and documentation - ISO/IEC 17021-1 requirements for certification bodies |
| ISMS Audit Based on ISO 19011 and ISO/IEC 17021-1 | 25% | - Auditing organizational structure and roles - Measuring, monitoring, and reporting ISMS performance - Auditing risk assessment and treatment processes - Auditing the context of the organization - Auditing control selection and implementation (Annex A) - Auditing leadership commitment - Continual improvement processes |
| Audit Lifecycle and Competencies of the Lead Auditor | 25% | - Conflict resolution during audits - Audit communication strategies - Managing audit relationships with audited parties - Audit follow-up and corrective action verification - Leading an audit team |
| Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) and the ISO/IEC 27001 Standard | 15% | - Overview of ISO/IEC 27001 and its relationship with ISO/IEC 27002 - Fundamental principles and concepts of information security - Regulatory and legal considerations in information security |
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NEW QUESTION # 247
情境 3
NightCore是一家總部位於美國的跨國科技企業，專注於電子商務、雲端運算、數位串流媒體和人工智慧(AI)。在實施資訊安全管理系統(ISMS)一年多後，NightCore委託一家認證機構進行ISO/IEC 27001認證審核。
認證機構組建了一支由五名審核員組成的團隊，傑克擔任團隊負責人。傑克在風險管理、資訊安全控制和事件管理方面擁有豐富的審核經驗，並因此而聞名。
他的技能與審計原則和流程的要求高度契合，使他能夠有效理解審計範圍並有效運用相關標準。傑克也展現出對NightCore的組織結構、宗旨和管理實踐以及適用於其業務活動的法律法規要求的深刻理解。
審計團隊遵循合理的審計方法，系統性地得出可靠且可重複的結論。審計團隊認識到，只有能夠在一定程度上核實的資訊才能被視為有效證據。在審計過程中，極少數情況下，如果某些資訊的核實存在困難且其可核實程度較低，審計人員會運用專業判斷來評估此類證據的可靠性，並確定其可信度。
在審計過程中，審計人員記錄了他們對NightCore資訊安全管理系統(ISMS)運作規劃和控制的觀察結果和檢查筆記。他們也記錄了對NightCore資訊清單及相關資產的觀察結果。此外，審計人員也審查了為保護網路服務連線而實施的防火牆配置。
隨著審核進入最後階段，NightCore對維護最高資訊安全標準的承諾日益凸顯。憑藉著觸手可及的ISO/IEC 27001認證，NightCore已做好充分準備，有望獲得該認證，從而提升其在科技行業的聲譽。
問題
根據情境 3，審計人員是否妥善處理了只能在一定程度上核實的資訊？
Answer: A
Explanation:
The auditors handled partially verifiable information appropriately by applying professional judgment, which makes option A the correct answer. ISO 19011:2018 emphasizes that auditing is not a purely mechanical process and requires auditors to apply due professional care when evaluating evidence. Audit evidence is often based on samples and may vary in its degree of verifiability. The key requirement is that auditors assess the reliability, relevance, and sufficiency of the evidence before using it to support audit conclusions.
In the scenario, the audit team explicitly recognized that some information could only be verified to a limited extent and responded by carefully evaluating how much reliance could be placed on that information. This aligns with ISO 19011 principles, particularly the evidence-based approach and due professional care.
Auditors are expected to exercise judgment when full verification is impractical, provided they clearly understand the limitations of the evidence and do not overstate its reliability.
Option B is incorrect because ISO standards do not require auditors to discard all partially verifiable information. Doing so could lead to incomplete audit conclusions and an unrealistic audit process. Option C is also incorrect because while external experts may be used in certain specialized cases, ISO 19011 does not mandate their involvement whenever evidence is difficult to verify. The auditors' approach in the scenario demonstrates appropriate competence and professional judgment, consistent with ISO auditing guidance.
NEW QUESTION # 248
您是審計團隊負責人，正在對一家線上保險公司進行第三方審計。在第 1 階段，您發現組織採取了非常謹慎的風險方法，並在其適用性聲明中包含了 ISO/IEC 27001:2022 附錄 A 中的所有資訊安全控制。
在第 2 階段審核期間，您的審核團隊發現沒有證據顯示制定了針對三項控制措施（5.3 職責分離、6.1 篩檢、7.12 佈線安全）的風險處理計劃。您對 ISO 27001:2022 第 6.1.3.e 條提出不符合項。
在閉幕會議上，技術總監發布了修訂後的適用性聲明的摘錄（如圖所示），並要求撤銷不符合項。
選擇三個選項，說明審計組長對技術總監的要求做出正確的回應。
Answer: D,G,H
Explanation:
B . This response is correct because the audit team leader should document the request of the Technical Director and include it in the audit report, along with the audit findings and conclusions12. This will ensure transparency and traceability of the audit process and the audit results.
D . This response is correct because the audit team leader should not withdraw the nonconformity based on the amended Statement of Applicability alone. The nonconformity was raised against clause 6.1.3.e of ISO 27001:2022, which requires the organisation to produce and maintain a risk treatment plan that defines how the information security risks are treated, including the controls selected and their implementation status34. The Statement of Applicability is only one part of the risk treatment plan, and it does not provide sufficient evidence that the controls have been implemented effectively. The audit team leader should base the nonconformity on the objective evidence obtained during the audit, not on the subjective claims of the auditee12.
H . This response is correct because the audit team leader should state that a follow up audit will be necessary to review the evidence for the updated Statement of Applicability. A follow up audit is an audit that is conducted after a previous audit to verify the implementation and effectiveness of the corrective actions and/or opportunities for improvement that were agreed upon as a result of the previous audit56. The follow up audit should seek to ensure that the nonconformity has been effectively addressed and that the ISMS is compliant and effective. The follow up audit should also consider any new or changed risks or requirements that may affect the ISMS56.
Explanation:
The three options of the correct responses of an audit team leader to the request of the Technical Director are:
B . Advise the Technical Director that his request will be included in the audit report.
D . Advise the Technical Director that the nonconformity must stand since the evidence obtained for it was clear.
Reference:
1: PECB Candidate Handbook - ISO 27001 Lead Auditor, page 25 2: ISO 19011:2018 - Guidelines for auditing management systems, clause 6.7 3: ISO/IEC 27001:2022 - Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements, clause 6.1.3.e 4: ISO/IEC 27005:2022 - Information technology - Security techniques - Information security risk management, clause 8.3.2 5: PECB Candidate Handbook - ISO 27001 Lead Auditor, page 25 6: ISO 19011:2018 - Guidelines for auditing management systems, clause 6.7
NEW QUESTION # 249
您詢問 IT 經理，為什麼組織仍在使用行動應用程序，而個人資料加密和假名化測試卻失敗了。此外，服務經理是否有權批准測試。
IT經理解釋說，根據軟體安全管理程序，測試結果應由他批准。加密和假名功能失敗的原因是這些功能嚴重降低了系統和服務效能。需要額外 150% 的資源來滿足這一點。服務經理同意存取控制足夠好並且可以接受。這就是服務經理簽署批准書的原因。
您對醫務人員的手機進行採樣，發現安裝了 ABC 的醫療保健移動應用程序，版本 1.01。你發現1.01版本沒有測試記錄。
IT經理解釋說，由於勒索軟體攻擊頻繁，外包行動應用開發公司對受測軟體進行了免費小幅更新，並對更新後的軟體進行了緊急發布，並口頭保證不會對安全造成任何影響。
以他20年的資訊安全經驗來看，沒有必要重新測試。
您正在準備審核結果 請選擇兩個正確的選項。
Answer: B,C
Explanation:
According to ISO 27001:2022 Annex A Control 8.30, the organisation shall ensure that externally provided processes, products or services that are relevant to the information security management system are controlled. This includes developing and entering into licensing agreements that cover code ownership and intellectual property rights, and implementing appropriate contractual requirements related to secure design and coding in accordance with Annex A 8.25 and 8.2912 In this case, the organisation and the developer have performed security tests that failed, which indicates that the secure design and coding requirements of Annex A 8.29 were not met. The IT Manager explains that the encryption and pseudonymization functions failed because they slowed down the system and service performance, and that an extra 150% of resources are needed to cover this. However, this does not justify the acceptance of the test results by the Service Manager, who is not authorised to approve the test according to the software security management procedure. The Service Manager should have consulted with the IT Manager, who is the owner of the process, and followed the procedure for handling nonconformities and corrective actions. The Service Manager's decision to continue the service based on access control alone exposes the organisation to the risk of compromising the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of personal data processed by the mobile app. Therefore, there is a nonconformity (NC) with clause 8.1, control A.8.30.
According to ISO 27001:2022 Clause 8.1, the organisation shall plan, implement and control the processes needed to meet information security requirements, and to implement the actions determined in Clause
6.1. The organisation shall also control planned changes and review the consequences of unintended changes, taking action to mitigate any adverse effects, as necessary12 In this case, the organisation has not controlled the planned change of the mobile app from version 1.0 to version 1.01, which was a minor update provided by the outsourced developer in response to frequent ransomware attacks. The IT Manager explains that the developer performed an emergency release of the updated software, and gave a verbal guarantee that there will be no impact on any security functions.
However, this is not sufficient to ensure that the change is properly assessed, tested, documented, and approved before deployment. The IT Manager should have followed the change management process and procedure, and verified that the updated software meets the security requirements and does not introduce any new vulnerabilities or risks. The IT Manager's reliance on his 20 years of information security experience and the developer's verbal guarantee is not a valid basis for skipping the re-testing of the software. Therefore, there is a nonconformity (NC) with clause 8.1.
References:
1: ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Auditor (Information Security Management Systems) Course by CQI and IRCA Certified Training 1 2: ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor Training Course by PECB 2
NEW QUESTION # 250
設想：
Northstorm是一家提供獨特復古和現代配件的線上零售商店。它最初進入的是一個小型市場，但隨著整個電子商務環境的發展而逐漸壯大。 Northstorm完全在線運營，確保高效的支付處理、庫存管理、行銷工具和發貨流程。它採用優先訂購的方式來接收、補貨和發貨最受歡迎的產品。
Northstorm 一直以來都透過託管網站並完全掌控包括硬體、軟體和資料管理在內的基礎設施來管理其 IT 營運。然而，由於基礎設施反應速度不足，這種方式阻礙了其發展。為了提升其電子商務和支付系統，Northstorm 選擇擴展其內部資料中心，並在三個月內分兩個階段完成了擴展。第一階段，公司升級了核心伺服器、銷售點系統、訂單系統、計費系統、資料庫和備份系統。第二階段則著重改善郵件、付款和網路功能。此外，在這一階段，Northstorm 還採用了一項關於個人識別資訊 (PII) 處理的國際標準，以確保其資料處理實務安全可靠，並符合全球法規。
儘管進行了擴容，Northstorm升級後的資料中心仍未能滿足其不斷變化的業務需求。這種不足導致了一系列新的挑戰，包括訂單優先事項問題。客戶反映未能收到優先訂單，公司也難以快速回應。這主要是由於主伺服器無法處理來自YouDecide的訂單。 YouDecide是一款用於訂單優先排序和模擬客戶互動的應用程式。該應用程式依賴高級演算法，與升級過程中安裝的新作業系統不相容。
面對緊急的兼容性問題，Northstorm在未進行充分驗證的情況下匆忙修補了應用程序，導致安裝了被篡改的版本。這項安全漏洞影響了主伺服器，公司網站癱瘓一週。意識到需要更可靠的解決方案，該公司決定將網站託管外包給一家電子商務服務商。在完成遷移之前，該公司簽署了關於產品所有權的保密協議，並對使用者存取權限進行了全面審查，以加強安全性。
問題：
下列哪一種情況代表 Northstorm 系統存在漏洞？
Answer: A
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
A vulnerability in information security refers to a weakness in a system, process, or software that can be exploited, leading to security incidents. In this case, the most significant vulnerability in Northstorm's system was the installation of an illegitimate (compromised) version of the application, which directly impacted the main server and resulted in system downtime.
* A. The new version of the application directly affecting the main server is an outcome rather than the vulnerability itself. The reason it affected the server was due to its compromised nature.
* B. The need for a replacement version of the application is not a vulnerability but rather a necessity due to the incompatibility issue introduced by the OS upgrade.
* C. The new version of the application being illegitimate is the true vulnerability because it represents an unauthorized or unverified change that introduced malicious code or other security risks. This could have been mitigated by proper validation, secure software development practices, and adherence to change management policies outlined in ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A controls:
* A.8.8 Management of Technical Vulnerabilities - Ensures that systems and applications are updated and maintained securely.
* A.8.9 Configuration Management - Covers proper software deployment and validation procedures.
* A.8.14 Redundancy of Information Processing Facilities - Ensures resilience to failures like server downtimes.
This incident underscores the importance of implementing rigorous change management processes and software validation measures to prevent the installation of unauthorized software, a key requirement under ISO
/IEC 27001:2022 Clause 8 (Operational Planning and Control).
NEW QUESTION # 251
下列哪一個選項是與人員管理相關的控制措施，旨在避免事件的發生？
Answer: C
Explanation:
Regular security awareness and training sessions for employees are a control measure aimed at preventing security incidents by ensuring that personnel are aware of information security threats and concerns, and understand their roles and responsibilities in safeguarding organizational assets. This proactive approach is designed to educate employees on the importance of security practices and to avoid the occurrence of security incidents. Reference: = This answer is based on the principles of personnel security management as outlined in ISO/IEC 27001, particularly in Annex A.7 which deals with human resource security before, during, and after employment, and Annex A.9 which focuses on access control and ensuring that employees have access only to the information that is necessary for their job role
NEW QUESTION # 252
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