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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Job Plan Phases | - Evaluation Phase
|
| Value Methodology Overview | - Principles of Value Engineering / Value Analysis
|
| Professional Practice Requirements | - Value study facilitation - Project documentation and reporting |
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NEW QUESTION # 94
Subject information:
Service Life = 12 years
Fuel = $9.00 per liter
Annual kilometers driven = 40,000 kilometers
Car A: Paid $40,000 , needs batteries every two years at $600 , needs tires every two years at $1,000 , fuel efficiency = 10 kilometers per liter .
Car B: Paid $50,000 , needs tires every two years at $2,000 , fuel efficiency = 15 kilometers per liter .
Car C: Paid $60,000 , needs tires every two years at $4,000 , fuel efficiency = 20 kilometers per liter .
What is the total life cycle cost - initial, replacement costs, and annual costs - of Car A for the service life of the vehicle without considering the discount rate?
Answer: B
Explanation:
The correct answer is A. $480,000 . In the CVS Value Methodology context, life-cycle cost includes the initial cost, recurrent annual costs, and discrete future replacement expenditures over the defined service period. SAVE's VM Dictionary defines life-cycle cost as the sum of initial cost, recurrent annual cost, single expenditures, and disposal or salvage value over a specified period. It also defines recurrent annual cost as operation and maintenance cost occurring throughout each year, and single expenditure as a future replacement outlay occurring at discrete times during service life.
For Car A , the initial cost is $40,000 . Annual fuel use is calculated as:
40,000 km ÷ 10 km/liter = 4,000 liters per year
4,000 liters × $9 = $36,000 per year
$36,000 × 12 years = $432,000
Replacement costs occur every two years during the 12-year service period, excluding a replacement at the end of year 12 because the vehicle's service life ends. Therefore, replacements occur at years 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10
:
5 × ($600 batteries + $1,000 tires) = 5 × $1,600 = $8,000
Total LCC = $40,000 + $432,000 + $8,000 = $480,000 .
References/topics: Evaluation Phase; Life-Cycle Cost; Initial Cost; Recurrent Annual Cost; Single Expenditure; Cost Analysis.
NEW QUESTION # 95
After reviewing the VM study results, the decision-makers take no action. What strategies could the VM facilitator use to engage the group?
Choose 2 answers.
Answer: B,D
Explanation:
The correct answers are A and D . When decision-makers review VM study results but take no action, the facilitator is dealing with a change-response problem, not simply a technical presentation problem. In VM implementation guidance, this behavior aligns with the early "shock" response to change, where people may mentally shut down because the proposed change feels uncertain, risky, or disruptive. The recommended coping strategy is to create safety, structure, and visible support around the change.
Therefore, discussing allocation of time and resources is appropriate because implementation cannot move forward without clear commitment, staffing, schedule allowance, and management attention. The VM Guide identifies proper allocation of time and resources as a way to provide safety during change. It also states that shock and stress can be reduced by building a support network through a detailed implementation plan . ( pdfcoffee.com ) Option B is incorrect because the guidance emphasizes visible upper management support, not merely lower- level involvement. Option C is incorrect because limiting information increases uncertainty; the recommended approach is to provide broad, clear, and consistent information about the change.
References/topics: Implementation Phase; Change Management Strategies; Implementation Plan; Resource Allocation; Decision-Maker Engagement.
NEW QUESTION # 96
A VM program manager has limited time available to coordinate VM studies. Rank their priorities.
Answer:
Explanation:
Explanation:
1st: Selecting Subjects for VM Studies
2nd: Study Preparation and Team Selection
3rd: Study Implementation and Reporting
4th: Attending VM Studies
The correct priority order reflects the highest-leverage responsibilities of a VM Program Manager. The first priority is selecting subjects for VM studies because the program's value depends on choosing projects with meaningful improvement potential, management relevance, and timing suitable for influence. SAVE's Value Methodology Standard identifies a typical duty of the value program unit as selecting projects for VM study, obtaining approval, and securing team members.
The second priority is study preparation and team selection . A VM study can fail before the workshop begins if scope, data, logistics, and team composition are weak. The Standard specifically requires team composition to be reviewed so customer, technical, and management areas are represented, and the team leader confirms schedule, location, support needs, and data-gathering assignments.
The third priority is study implementation and reporting , because accepted proposals must be tracked and benefits verified. SAVE guidance assigns the value program unit responsibility for progress reporting and monitoring implementation of accepted VM proposals. Attending VM studies is lowest because personal attendance is less critical than governance, study selection, preparation, and implementation control.
References/topics: VM Programs; Value Program Manager Responsibilities; Study Selection; Team Selection; Implementation Tracking and Reporting.
NEW QUESTION # 97
Which of the following are the outputs of the Presentation Phase?
Choose 2 answers.
Answer: A,C
Explanation:
The correct answers are C and D . The Presentation Phase is where the VM facilitator and study team formally communicate the conclusions of the VM study to decision makers. SAVE's VM Standard Reference states that, in this phase, the facilitator develops a report and/or presentation that documents and conveys the conclusions and results of the VM study.
Therefore, the VM study report is a direct output of the Presentation Phase. It records the developed value alternatives, supporting analysis, cost/performance implications, and the basis for management review. The list of VM proposals and results is also an output because decision makers must understand what proposals were generated, what benefits they offer, and what outcomes or decisions are associated with them.
Option A, list of participants, may appear in a report appendix or study record, but it is not a primary Presentation Phase output. Option B is incorrect because scheduling the VM presentation is a planning
/logistics activity, not an output of the phase. The phase produces documented results and communicates VM proposals for decision and follow-up.
References/topics: Presentation Phase; VM Study Report; VM Proposals; Study Results; VM Job Plan.
NEW QUESTION # 98
Which of the following are common change drivers?
Choose 3 answers
Answer: A,D,E
Explanation:
The correct answers are C. Technological evolution, D. Process reviews, and E. Crises . In VM facilitation and change management, a change driver is a force or condition that creates the need for an organization to alter processes, systems, products, services, or behaviors. SAVE's Value Methodology glossary specifically identifies common change drivers as including technological evolution, process reviews, and crises , along with other external and internal pressures. ( ) Technological evolution drives change because new tools, automation, systems, and digital capabilities can make existing methods outdated or inefficient. Process reviews are also common drivers because structured review often reveals waste, duplication, poor function performance, or value gaps that require improvement.
Crises are strong change drivers because urgent disruption, failure, cost pressure, safety issues, or market shock can force rapid organizational response.
Option A, organizational culture, may influence how change is accepted or resisted, but it is not listed here as a primary change driver. Option B, maintaining habits, is usually a resistance behavior, not a driver of change.
References/topics: VM Facilitation and Team Dynamics; Change Management; Change Drivers; Organizational Change; VM Programs.
NEW QUESTION # 99
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