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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Enterprise Firewall | - Security Fabric integration - Routing and advanced networking - Troubleshooting - Centralized management and analytics - VPN technologies - Advanced firewall deployment - High availability - Authentication and identity |
| Topic 2: SD-WAN | - Deployment and troubleshooting - Performance SLA - SD-WAN routing - Overlay VPN - Application steering - SD-WAN architecture |
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NEW QUESTION # 119
Which two statements about an auxiliary session ate true? (Choose two.)
Answer: B,C
Explanation:
Auxiliary sessions in Fortinet are designed to support ECMP (Equal Cost Multi-Path) and SD-WAN scenarios, allowing sessions to be handled efficiently when traffic needs to be dynamically distributed across multiple links. With the auxiliary session setting enabled, FortiGate creates additional session table entries for each possible path in ECMP or SD-WAN-meaning that if the routing path changes (such as a link failover), a new session can be immediately activated and offloaded to the NP6 network processor for acceleration, ensuring minimal disruption. This greatly benefits high-throughput deployments.
Official documentation specifies that when auxiliary sessions are enabled, FortiGate doesn't just rely on dynamically creating new sessions after a routing event, it proactively creates sessions for all potential paths.
This means that in the event of a route change, two sessions exist and the traffic is quickly re-routed and offloaded, maximizing performance and reliability. Without this feature, multiple paths cannot be efficiently offloaded, and routing changes trigger a single session update, reducing failover performance.
References:
FortiOS Handbook: Session Table, ECMP, SD-WAN, and Auxiliary Sessions
FortiGate NP6 Acceleration Guide: Auxiliary Session Behavior
NEW QUESTION # 120
Which two protocol states indicate that traffic is bidirectional? (Choose two.)
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
The correct answers are A and B.
For UDP, the study guide states this directly: "For UDP, the session state can have only two values: 00 when traffic is only one way, and 01 when traffic is two ways. For ICMP, the protocol state is always 00." That makes B correct and D incorrect.
For TCP, the study guide explains that the protocol state is a two-digit number, where the first digit is the server-side state and the second digit is the client-side state. It also states that the first digit is 0 when the session is not subject to any inspection, and the TCP state table shows that value 1 = ESTABLISHED So, for a normal non-proxied/non-inspected TCP session, proto_state=01 means the TCP session is in the ESTABLISHED state. An established TCP session means the three-way handshake has completed, which requires traffic in both directions. That is why A is correct.
The study guide also says: "proto_state=11 means that the TCP three-way handshake for both server-side and client-side is completed (ESTABLISHED)." This confirms that TCP state value 1 represents an established state.
Why C is not selected: the study guide defines value 5 as TIME_WAIT and says: "When a session is closed by both the sender and receiver, FortiGate keeps that session in the session table for a few seconds... This is the state value 5." So proto_state=05 represents a closing/closed TCP session in TIME_WAIT, not the normal bidirectional state the question is testing.
Therefore, the verified answers are A and B.
NEW QUESTION # 121
Refer to the exhibit, which shows a truncated output of a real-time LDAP debug.
What two conclusions can you draw from the output? (Choose two.)
Answer: B,D
Explanation:
The exhibit shows these key lines:
* handle_req-Rcvd auth req ... for jsmith in Lab
* start_search_dn-base: ' DC=TAC,DC=ottawa,DC=fortinet,DC=com ' filter:sAMAccountName=jsmith
* get_all_dn-Found DN 1:CN=John Smith,CN=Users,DC=TAC,DC=ottawa,DC=fortinet,DC=com The study guide explicitly shows the same LDAP real-time debug pattern and says the request line includes the LDAP server object name:
handle_req-Rcvd auth req ... for jsmith in Lab ...
That supports A : Lab is the configured LDAP server name being used for this authentication request.
For the LDAP flow stage, the study guide states:
"An fnbamd_ldap_build_dn_search_req-base message indicates that FortiGate is performing step two:
searching for the user in the LDAP tree." It also says that if the LDAP server finds the user, the output shows the user's full DN.
That matches the exhibit's start_search_dn-base ... filter:sAMAccountName=jsmith and Found DN ...
CN=John Smith... lines, so D is correct.
Why the other options are wrong:
* B is wrong because the exhibit shows FortiOS has found the user DN CN=John Smith,..., but that does not mean the user is already authenticating with that DN in this step. The study guide says this DN is discovered in step 2 , and only in step 3 does FortiGate bind using the user DN.
* C is wrong because the exhibit is showing step 2 (Search Request) , not step 3 (Bind Request) . The study guide separates these steps clearly and shows step 3 with fnbamd_ldap_build_userbind_req- Trying DN ... and __ldap_build_bind_req-Binding to ' CN=John Smith,... '
NEW QUESTION # 122
When FortiGate enters conserve mode because of memory pressure, which action can FortiGate perform to preserve memory?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The best verified answer is C .
The study guide says that when FortiGate is in conserve mode, it activates protection measures to recover memory space:
* "System configuration cannot be changed"
* "FortiGate skips quarantine actions (including FortiSandbox analysis)" It also explains that inspection behavior can be reduced while in conserve mode:
* "pass (default): All new sessions pass without inspection until FortiGate switches back to non- conserve mode."
* "The av-failopen setting also applies to flow-based antivirus inspection." The FortiOS administration guide summarizes this behavior as:
"This causes functions such as antivirus scanning to change how they operate to reduce the functionality and conserve memory without compromising security." That is why C is the closest correct choice: FortiGate can reduce functionality of some processes, especially antivirus-related inspection, to preserve memory.
Why the other options are wrong:
* A is wrong because FortiGate does not automatically reboot as a default conserve-mode action. A reboot can be configured through an automation stitch , but that is an optional administrator-defined response, not the built-in conserve-mode behavior
* B is wrong because the documentation does not say FortiGate switches from proxy-based inspection to flow-based inspection. Instead, it may pass traffic without inspection depending on av-failopen settings
* D is not generally correct for conserve mode . The study guide says FortiGate starts dropping new sessions only when memory usage exceeds the extreme threshold : "If memory usage exceeds the extreme threshold, all new sessions that require inspection (flow-based or proxy-based) are blocked." So the verified answer is: C .
NEW QUESTION # 123
Refer to the exhibit, which shows a session entry.
Which statement about this session is true?
Answer: B
Explanation:
The session output reveals a session with proto=1 (ICMP) and the origin and reply directions show address and NAT translations. Specifically, the hook=post dir=org act=snat shows that source NAT is performed for outgoing packets, where the source 10.1.10.10:40602 is translated to 10.200.5.1:8 (likely ICMP id 8, not a TCP/UDP port). The reply direction, hook=pre dir=reply act=dnat, indicates destination NAT for incoming packets: packets incoming for 10.200.5.1:60430 are destination-NATed to 10.1.10.10:40602. The gateway (gwy) is listed as 10.200.1.254/10.1.0.1, which for outgoing traffic means that return traffic is directed to the gateway (10.200.1.254), per the NAT policy. This is confirmed by the FortiOS Session Table Guide, which explains that the returned ICMP reply will be routed out to this NAT gateway. The session statistics and logical flow (SNAT out, matching DNAT in) reinforce that reply traffic to the initiator traverses via
10.200.1.254.
References:
FortiOS Administration Guide: Session Table, NAT, and Route Interaction Fortinet Technical Note: Diagnose sys session list, Direction and NAT Analysis
NEW QUESTION # 124
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