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NEW QUESTION # 191
An organization found a significant vulnerability associated with a commonly used package in a variety of operating systems. The organization develops a registry of software dependencies to facilitate incident response activities. As part of the registry, the organization creates hashes of packages that have been formally vetted. Which of the following attack vectors does this registry address?
Answer: C
Explanation:
A). Supply chain attack: This type of attack involves compromising the software supply chain by injecting malicious code into legitimate software packages.
B). Cipher substitution attack: This is a cryptographic attack focused on replacing ciphertext with a different ciphertext to deduce the key. It's not relevant to the scenario.
C). Side-channel analysis: This attack involves gathering information from the physical implementation of a system (e.g., timing, power consumption) rather than exploiting the algorithm itself. It's not applicable here.
D). On-path attack (formerly man-in-the-middle): This attack involves intercepting and potentially altering communication between two parties. While important, it's not theprimary focus of the registry.
E). Pass-the-hash attack: This attack involves using a stolen hash of a user's password to authenticate without needing the actual password. It's unrelated to software package integrity.
Why A is the Correct answer:
A supply chain attack is exactly what the organization is trying to mitigate. By creating a registry of known-good software packages and their hashes, they can verify that the packages they are using are legitimate and haven't been altered.
If an attacker were to compromise a software package in the supply chain, the hash of the altered package would not match the hash in the organization's registry. This would immediately alert the organization to a potential compromise.
CASP+ Relevance: This aligns with the CASP+ exam objectives, which emphasize the importance of risk management, threat intelligence, and implementing security controls to address various attack vectors, including supply chain risks.
How the Registry Works (Elaboration based on CASP+principles):
Hashing: When a package is vetted, a cryptographic hash function (like SHA-256) is used to generate a unique "fingerprint" (the hash) of the package's contents.
Verification: Before installing or using a package, its hash is calculated and compared to the hash stored in the registry. A match confirms the package's integrity. A mismatch indicates tampering.
Incident Response: If a vulnerability is discovered in a commonly used package, the registry helps the organization quickly identify which systems are affected based on the dependency list and the stored hashes.
In conclusion, maintaining a registry of software dependencies with hashes is a crucial security control that directly addresses the threat of supply chain attacks by ensuring the integrity and authenticity of software packages. The use of hash functions for verification is a common practice in security and is emphasized in the CASP+ material.
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Step by Step
Understanding the Scenario: The question describes a proactive security measure where an organization maintains a registry of software dependencies and their corresponding hashes. This registry is used to verify the integrity of software packages.
Analyzing the Answer Choices:
NEW QUESTION # 192
A security engineer needs 10 secure the OT environment based on me following requirements:
- Isolate the OT network segment
- Restrict Internet access.
- Apply security updates two workstations
- Provide remote access to third-party vendors
Which of the following design strategies should the engineer implement to best meet these requirements?
Answer: C
Explanation:
To secure the Operational Technology (OT) environment based on the given requirements, the best approach is to implement a bastion host in the OT network. The bastion host serves as a secure entry point for remote access, allowing third-party vendors to connect while being monitored by security tools. Using a dedicated update server for workstations ensures that security updates are applied in a controlled manner without direct internet access.
NEW QUESTION # 193
A company is moving several of its systems to a multicloud environment and wants to automate the creation of the new servers using a standard image. Which of the following should the company implement to best support this goal?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The most effective solution is Terraform (C), an Infrastructure as Code (IaC) tool that allows organizations to define and provision infrastructure resources across multiple cloud providers using a consistent configuration language. For a multicloud strategy, Terraform provides cloud-agnostic templates, ensuring that server creation, networking, and storage provisioning are automated and standardized across AWS, Azure, GCP, or other providers. This aligns with CAS-005 best practices for cloud automation and consistency.
PowerShell (A) and Bash (B) are scripting tools that can automate tasks but are typically tied to specific operating systems and lack multicloud orchestration capabilities. Ansible (D) is a strong automation tool for configuration management and application deployment, but Terraform is specifically designed to provision and manage infrastructure at scale across multicloud environments.
By using Terraform, the company can enforce consistent images, reduce human error, ensure compliance through reusable templates, and improve operational efficiency while maintaining flexibility across multiple providers.
NEW QUESTION # 194
A security administrator is reviewing the following code snippet from a website component:
A review of the inc.tmp file shows the following:
Which of the following is most likely the reason for inaccuracies?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The code snippet includes obfuscated PHP code that loads and executes content from a temporary file (inc.tmp) via hex2bin(file_get_contents(...)), often seen in web malware injections. This strongly suggests that a CMS plug-in has been exploited to inject malicious code into the website.
NEW QUESTION # 195
A malware researcher has discovered a credential stealer is looking at a specific memory register to harvest passwords that will be used later for lateral movement in corporate networks. The malware is using TCP 4444 to communicate with other workstations. The lateral movement would be best mitigated by:
Answer: E
NEW QUESTION # 196
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