P.S. It-PassportsがGoogle Driveで共有している無料かつ新しいCKAダンプ：https://drive.google.com/open?id=1b2eOw44PEwaPJCajFWwuavDrheT8AmdE
It-Passportsさまざまな試験（CKA試験など）の準備中に生産性を上げるのに無力だと感じたとき。 散発的な時間を最大限に活用し、先延ばしを避けることが困難な場合。 これらの煩わしさを解決し、より効率的かつ生産的な方法でCKA証明書を取得するのに役立つCKAテスト準備の重要性を認識する時が来ました。 Linux FoundationのCKA試験の質問で20〜30時間学習する限り、CKA試験を確実にCertified Kubernetes Administrator (CKA) Program Exam受験して合格することができます。
| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Cluster Architecture, Installation & Configuration | 25% | - Manage cluster lifecycle and upgrades - Work with CRDs and Operators - Create and manage clusters with kubeadm - Understand CNI, CSI, CRI interfaces - Install components via Helm / Kustomize - Manage RBAC - Implement high availability control plane - Prepare infrastructure for cluster installation |
| Topic 2: Troubleshooting | 30% | - Log collection and analysis - Network connectivity and DNS resolution problems - Worker node issues and recovery - Control plane component failures - Cluster component health checks - Pod and application failures |
| Topic 3: Storage | 10% | - StorageClasses and dynamic provisioning - Persistent Volumes (PV) and Persistent Volume Claims (PVC) - Volume types and access modes - StatefulSet storage configuration |
| Topic 4: Services & Networking | 20% | - Network policies - Service types: ClusterIP, NodePort, LoadBalancer, ExternalName - CNI configuration and troubleshooting - CoreDNS and service discovery - Ingress resources and controllers |
| Topic 5: Workloads & Scheduling | 15% | - Pod scheduling: node selector, affinity, taints/tolerations - Configure applications with ConfigMaps and Secrets - Pod lifecycle, init containers, probes - Resource requests, limits and autoscaling - Deployments, rolling updates and rollbacks |
It-Passportsの商品はLinux Foundation業界の専門家が自分の豊かな知識と経験を利用して認証試験に対して研究出たので品質がいいのCKA試験の資料でございます。受験者がIt-Passportsを選択したら高度専門のCKA試験に１００％合格することが問題にならないと保証いたします。
質問 # 58
Ensure a single instance of pod nginx is running on each node of the Kubernetes cluster where nginx also represents the Image name which has to be used. Do not override any taints currently in place.
Use DaemonSet to complete this task and use ds-kusc00201 as DaemonSet name.
正解：
解説：
solution
質問 # 59
You are managing a Kubernetes cluster with several namespaces. You need to restrict access to the 'production' namespace, ensuring only authorized users can access resources within that namespace. Create a Role and RoleBinding that allows users in the 'developers' group to access pods and deployments within the 'production' namespace.
正解：
解説：
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
Step 1: Create a Role
Create a Role named 'production-access' with the following permissions:
Step 2: Create a RoleBinding Create a RoleBinding named production-developers' that binds the 'production-access' role to the 'developers' group:
Step 3: Verify Verify the role and rolebinding have been created correctly: kubectl get role - -namespace=production kubectl get rolebinding - -namespace=production
質問 # 60
You must connect to the correct host.
Failure to do so may result in a zero score.
[candidate@base] $ ssh Cka000060
Task
Install Argo CD in the cluster by performing the following tasks:
Add the official Argo CD Helm repository with the name argo
The Argo CD CRDs have already been pre-installed in the cluster
Generate a template of the Argo CD Helm chart version 7.7.3 for the argocd namespace and save it to ~/argo- helm.yaml . Configure the chart to not install CRDs.
正解：
解説：
Task Summary
* SSH into cka000060
* Add the Argo CD Helm repo named argo
* Generate a manifest (~/argo-helm.yaml) for Argo CD version 7.7.3
* Target namespace: argocd
* Do not install CRDs
* Just generate, don't install
# Step-by-Step Solution
1## SSH into the correct host
ssh cka000060
## Required - skipping this = zero score
2## Add the Argo CD Helm repository
helm repo add argo https://argoproj.github.io/argo-helm
helm repo update
# This adds the official Argo Helm chart source.
3## Generate Argo CD Helm chart template (version 7.7.3)
Use the helm template command to generate a manifest and write it to ~/argo-helm.yaml.
helm template argocd argo/argo-cd \
--version 7.7.3 \
--namespace argocd \
--set crds.install=false \
> ~/argo-helm.yaml
* argocd # Release name (can be anything; here it's same as the namespace)
* --set crds.install=false # Disables CRD installation
* > ~/argo-helm.yaml # Save to required file
# 4## Verify the generated file (optional but smart)
head ~/argo-helm.yaml
Check that it contains valid Kubernetes YAML and does not include CRDs.
# Final Command Summary
ssh cka000060
helm repo add argo https://argoproj.github.io/argo-helm
helm repo update
helm template argocd argo/argo-cd \
--version 7.7.3 \
--namespace argocd \
--set crds.install=false \
> ~/argo-helm.yaml
head ~/argo-helm.yaml # Optional verification
質問 # 61
Create a persistent volume with name app-data, of capacity 2Gi and access mode ReadWriteMany. The type of volume is hostPath and its location is /srv/app-data.
正解：
解説：
solution
Persistent Volume
A persistent volume is a piece of storage in a Kubernetes cluster. PersistentVolumes are a cluster-level resource like nodes, which don't belong to any namespace. It is provisioned by the administrator and has a particular file size. This way, a developer deploying their app on Kubernetes need not know the underlying infrastructure. When the developer needs a certain amount of persistent storage for their application, the system administrator configures the cluster so that they consume the PersistentVolume provisioned in an easy way.
Creating Persistent Volume
kind: PersistentVolume apiVersion: v1 metadata: name:app-data spec: capacity: # defines the capacity of PV we are creating storage: 2Gi #the amount of storage we are tying to claim accessModes: # defines the rights of the volume we are creating - ReadWriteMany hostPath: path: "/srv/app-data" # path to which we are creating the volume Challenge Create a Persistent Volume named app-data, with access mode ReadWriteMany, storage classname shared, 2Gi of storage capacity and the host path /srv/app-data.
2. Save the file and create the persistent volume.
3. View the persistent volume.
Our persistent volume status is available meaning it is available and it has not been mounted yet. This status will change when we mount the persistentVolume to a persistentVolumeClaim.
PersistentVolumeClaim
In a real ecosystem, a system admin will create the PersistentVolume then a developer will create a PersistentVolumeClaim which will be referenced in a pod. A PersistentVolumeClaim is created by specifying the minimum size and the access mode they require from the persistentVolume.
Challenge
Create a Persistent Volume Claim that requests the Persistent Volume we had created above. The claim should request 2Gi. Ensure that the Persistent Volume Claim has the same storageClassName as the persistentVolume you had previously created.
kind: PersistentVolume apiVersion: v1 metadata: name:app-data
spec:
accessModes: - ReadWriteMany resources:
requests: storage: 2Gi
storageClassName: shared
2. Save and create the pvc
njerry191@cloudshell:~ (extreme-clone-2654111)$ kubect1 create -f app-data.yaml persistentvolumeclaim/app-data created
3. View the pvc
4. Let's see what has changed in the pv we had initially created.
Our status has now changed from available to bound.
5. Create a new pod named myapp with image nginx that will be used to Mount the Persistent Volume Claim with the path /var/app/config.
Mounting a Claim
apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: creationTimestamp: null name: app-data spec: volumes: - name:congigpvc persistenVolumeClaim: claimName: app-data containers: - image: nginx name: app volumeMounts: - mountPath: "/srv/app-data " name: configpvc
質問 # 62
Change the label for one of the pod to env=uat and list all the pods to verify
正解：
解説：
kubectl label pod/nginx-dev3 env=uat --overwrite kubectl get pods --show-labels
質問 # 63
......
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CKA無料ダウンロード: https://www.it-passports.com/CKA.html
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